Tillie Doyle
Non-stick pans are convenient, easy to use, and affordable. However, they have been linked to health and environmental concerns due to the presence of forever chemicals like PFOA, which is short for perfluorooctanoic acid, a chemical that has been linked to adverse health effects. While some non-stick pans are labelled as PFOA-free, recent studies have found that these claims may not always be trustworthy. For instance, a study by The Danish Consumer Council found that pans labelled as PFOA-free contained other PFAS chemicals, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), also known as Teflon. PTFE is generally considered safe, but there are concerns that overheating or chipping during cooking can release more harmful PFAS impurities. To truly avoid PFAS chemicals, consumers may need to opt for alternative materials like stainless steel, iron, or carbon steel, or choose ceramic-coated pans, which are primarily made of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| PFOA-free claims trustworthy? | No, PFOA has been phased out in the US and cannot be used. |
| PTFE-free claims trustworthy? | Yes, especially for ceramic-coated pans. |
| PFAS-free claims trustworthy? | No, PFAS encompasses all the "forever chemicals" associated with PTFE. |
| Alternative options | Stainless steel, iron, carbon steel, cast iron, or ceramic-coated pans. |
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What You'll Learn
Non-stick coatings and forever chemicals
Non-stick coatings on frying pans are made with a class of man-made chemicals known as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), which have non-stick, stain-resistant, and waterproof properties. PFAS is marketed under various names, including PTFE, PFOA, PFOS, and GenX. PFAS chemicals are commonly referred to as "forever chemicals" because they are extremely persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the human body over time.
PFAS chemicals have been linked to serious health risks, including abnormal thyroid and hormone function, reduced immune system response, and various types of cancer. They are also associated with environmental concerns, as they can contaminate drinking water, food sources, and wildlife. Due to these health and environmental implications, there is a growing demand for PFAS-free cookware.
When shopping for PFAS-free frying pans, it is important to be cautious as manufacturers may claim their products are non-toxic or PFAS-free without providing information on the specific chemicals used. Labels such as "`PFOA-free`" or "`PFOS-free`" do not necessarily mean that the pan is completely free of PFAS, as these chemicals are just specific types of PFAS. To make informed choices, consumers are advised to look for pans made from alternative materials such as stainless steel, cast iron, carbon steel, or ceramic-coated options. These materials are less likely to contain PFAS while still offering non-stick properties.
Some recommended PFAS-free frying pans include the Caraway ceramic-coated pan, the Oxo Mira Tri-Ply stainless steel pan, and the Tramontina Enameled Cast-Iron Series 1000 pan. Additionally, uncoated pans made from cast iron or carbon steel can develop a natural non-stick patina over time with proper seasoning and maintenance. While PFAS-free alternatives may require more upkeep, they offer a safer and more environmentally friendly option for conscious consumers.
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$32.7
PFAS-free ceramic, stainless steel, and cast iron options
It is important to be cautious when choosing non-toxic cookware. While nonstick pans are easy to use and clean, they don't last forever and can add to waste. More importantly, they may contain harmful chemicals. PFOA, for example, is one of the thousands of chemicals that fall into the category of PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) and has been clearly linked to health risks.
PFAS-free alternatives include ceramic, stainless steel, and cast iron options. Here are some recommendations for each:
Ceramic
Ceramic nonstick cookware is considered the most user-friendly non-toxic cookware as it is nonstick right out of the box. The Caraway nonstick pan, for instance, has a ceramic coating and is said to be free of PTFE and PFOA. It heats evenly and is durable, induction-compatible, and easy to clean.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is a highly conductive, durable, and versatile cookware material. The Oxo Mira Tri-Ply, for example, is induction-compatible, easy to clean, and has comfortable and sturdy handles that don't get too hot.
Cast Iron
Cast iron is a versatile option that can be used on a cooktop or in the oven. The Tramontina Enameled Cast-Iron Series 1000 frying pan, for instance, is reasonably priced, easy to clean, and performs well in searing steak and baking tests.
While these options are PFAS-free, it is important to note that labels on cookware can be misleading. For instance, a product labelled "PFOA-free" may still contain PFAS chemicals due to the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is recommended to check with retailers and look for products with PFAS-free labels.
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PTFE-free and PFOA-free claims
PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) are two specific substances that fall under the broader category of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). PFAS are often referred to as "forever chemicals" because they persist in the environment and our bodies for extended periods, breaking down very slowly. PTFE, introduced in the 1940s as Teflon, is generally considered safe for use in cookware if used as intended. However, overheating PTFE pans can lead to off-gassing, potentially causing flu-like symptoms.
When shopping for PTFE-free and PFOA-free cookware, it's important to be cautious about product labelling. While you may see claims of "PTFE-free" or "PFOA-free" on labels, these claims may not always be trustworthy. Some manufacturers use fancy brand names for PTFE coatings while advertising their products as "PFOA-free." Additionally, PFOA has been phased out globally, so the PFOA-free label is essentially meaningless.
To make informed choices, look for products that explicitly state the absence of PFAS or PTFE. Ceramic-coated pans, for instance, are less likely to contain forever chemicals. Reputable companies like GreenPan offer ceramic non-stick collections that are free from PTFE, PFAS, PFOA, lead, and cadmium. Cast iron, carbon steel, and stainless steel pans are also good alternatives, though they may not have the same non-stick properties.
While PTFE coatings are generally considered safe, there are growing concerns about their potential health risks. Some of the compounds used to make these coatings may pose health hazards, and there are questions about their toxicity. For example, tetrafluoroethylene, used to make PTFE, is listed as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" by the US National Institutes of Health.
In summary, when choosing PTFE-free and PFOA-free cookware, be wary of misleading labels. Opt for products that specifically mention PFAS-free or PTFE-free, and consider alternatives like ceramic-coated pans or those made from cast iron, carbon steel, or stainless steel. Stay informed about the latest research on the safety of these coatings to make the best decisions for your health and the environment.
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Pans with ceramic coatings
Non-stick pans are extremely popular due to their ease of use, cleaning, and pricing. However, the non-stick coatings don't last forever and need to be replaced every few years, adding to waste. A greater concern is the components of some non-stick coatings, which may include harmful chemicals. PFOA, for example, is a chemical that has been clearly linked to health risks. It is one of the thousands of chemicals that fall into the category of PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances).
When choosing a non-stick pan, it is important to be cautious of labels that claim to be PFOA-free or PFOS-free, as they may still contain other PFAS chemicals. This is because manufacturers are not required to disclose the presence of PFAS in their products. An earlier study of 24 non-stick frying and baking pans concluded that pans with a PTFE-free label were indeed made with a ceramic coating. However, some "`ceramic`" coated pans were also found to contain PTFE.
Ceramic coatings are primarily made of silicon dioxide and other metal oxides, not PTFE or any other PFAS. Ceramic pans are a good alternative for those who want to avoid PTFE or other non-stick coatings. Ceramic pans are derived from silica, which is found in organic materials like beach sand and granite. They are also extremely durable, with some ceramic pans showing no wear even after repeated scrapes. Popular brands include Caraway, Le Creuset, and Kyocera.
In addition to ceramic pans, carbon steel pans are another alternative. They do require seasoning before the first use and regular reseasoning, but they are extremely versatile and can be used on the stovetop and in the oven. The Matfer Bourgeat Black Carbon Steel pan is a good example of a carbon steel pan that heats evenly and is easy to clean.
While it is challenging to find PFAS-free pans, some retailers are committed to creating PFAS-free cookware, such as GreenPan, which offers a range of ceramic non-stick cookware. Calphalon also offers a range of ceramic non-stick pans that are PTFE- and PFOA-free, with an olive oil-infused ceramic coating that allows for healthier cooking without the need for added oil or butter.
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The best non-toxic cookware
While nonstick cookware is popular due to its ease of use and cleaning, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of the chemicals used in their nonstick coatings. These coatings contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are also known as "forever chemicals" because they persist in the body and the environment for long periods. One of the most well-known PFAS used in nonstick cookware is Teflon, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
To address these concerns, some companies have started marketing their products as “non-toxic” or “PFOA-free." However, it is important to note that the term “non-toxic” is not regulated by the FDA, and companies may still use other PFAS or similar chemicals in their products. For example, tests conducted by Consumer Reports found that the Swiss Diamond pan, which was labelled as PFOA-free, contained measurable levels of PFOA and other PFAS.
So, what are some of the best non-toxic cookware options available? Here are some suggestions:
- Stainless steel cookware: Stainless steel is considered a worry-free option as it is naturally non-toxic and is also the material of choice for many professional chefs. The All-Clad D3 Everyday 10-Piece Cookware Set is a versatile and durable option that can handle any cooking situation.
- Cast iron cookware: Cast iron pans are a great alternative to nonstick cookware as they can be properly seasoned to create a natural nonstick surface. The Tramontina Enameled Cast-Iron Series 1000 frying pan offers excellent performance at a reasonable price, and it can be used on both the stovetop and in the oven. If the seasoning process seems daunting, you can opt for a pre-seasoned cast iron pan like the Calphalon Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron pan.
- Carbon steel pans: Carbon steel pans offer similar benefits to cast iron pans, but they require regular seasoning. The Matfer Bourgeat Black Carbon Steel pan, for example, heated evenly on the stove and produced moist and even cornbread in the oven.
- Ceramic nonstick cookware: Ceramic coatings are made without PTFE and are considered non-toxic. The Caraway Nonstick Ceramic Cookware Set is a top-tested option that is free of PTFE, PFOA, PFAs, and heavy metals. It is also induction-compatible and safe up to 550°F.
- GreenPan: GreenPan was the first brand to debut a PFAS-free nonstick coating, and its cookware can handle high heat on the stove and in the oven. It is oven-safe up to 600°F, compatible with all stovetops, and does not release fumes when heated.
When choosing non-toxic cookware, it is important to remember that labels claiming to be PFOA-free or PFOS-free do not necessarily mean that the product is free from all PFAS. It is also recommended to ask retailers about the presence of PFAS in their products and to opt for companies that apply PFAS-free non-stick coatings to their cookware.
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Frequently asked questions
PFAS stands for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. They are called "forever chemicals" because they persist for months or years in our bodies and the environment. PFOA, a type of PFAS, has been linked to health risks in humans.
Non-stick coatings on frying pans may contain PFAS chemicals. These chemicals can get into your food and potentially cause health problems.
You can check the product labels for mentions of PFAS, PFOA, or PFOS. However, some manufacturers may not disclose the presence of PFAS in their products. It is recommended to look for pans labelled as PFAS-free or PTFE-free.
Yes, there are several options available. GreenPan is a popular brand that offers PFAS-free, non-toxic cookware. Other options include stainless steel, cast iron, and carbon steel pans, which are naturally PFAS-free.
