Emilie Meyer
Installing a shower pan is a crucial step in any custom shower project. While it is possible to create a shower floor using a pan liner and tile, a ready-made shower pan is often recommended for ease of installation. These ready-made pans are typically made of acrylic, fiberglass, or composites and are available in various sizes and styles to fit different bathroom configurations. The installation process involves floor preparation, including ensuring a level surface, followed by the installation of a shower base and compression shower drain assembly. One key consideration is whether to use mortar or a mortar bed. While some sources suggest that a mortar bed is not necessary if the pan is installed correctly on a solid, level surface, others emphasize that a mortar bed provides additional support and helps prevent cracking. Ultimately, it is essential to refer to the manufacturer's instructions and specifications for the shower pan and waterproofing membrane to ensure a successful installation.
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What You'll Learn
The mortar bed is necessary to prevent cracking
The mortar bed also helps to create a water-tight seal around the shower pan, preventing water from seeping through and causing damage. Without a mortar bed, water can leak through the grout or tile and cause mould and other issues.
In addition, the mortar bed serves as a protective layer between the shower pan and the subfloor. It helps to absorb shock and prevent the pan from flexing, which can also lead to cracking.
For these reasons, it is generally recommended to install a mortar bed under a shower pan, especially if the manufacturer's instructions call for it. While it may not be necessary in all cases, such as when the shower pan is installed on a solid and level surface, the mortar bed provides extra support and helps to ensure the longevity of the shower pan.
The process of installing a mortar bed involves creating a sloped surface for proper drainage. This is typically done using the "`dry pack`" method, where a mixture of sand and mortar is used to form a level perimeter around the shower pan and create a rough slope towards the drain. A waterproofing membrane is then installed, followed by a final layer of sand mix to accommodate tile installation.
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The subfloor must be level
To check if the subfloor is level, use a hand level or a laser level to check the surface from left to right and from front to back. If the subfloor is not level, you will need to apply a self-levelling compound to even it out. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the self-levelling compound, and be sure to use a compound that adheres to the substrate you are installing it on, such as OSB, cement board, or plywood.
It is important to note that if you are using a mortar bed, the subfloor does not need to be perfectly level as the mortar will help to level the surface. However, if you are not using a mortar bed, the subfloor must be completely level to ensure a proper installation.
Additionally, it is crucial to ensure that the shower drain is installed correctly and that the waste pipe extends approximately 1 3/4 inches above the subfloor, as specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This will ensure that the shower pan is installed correctly and that the drainage is adequate.
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The dry pack mixing method
Shower pans are built in two stages, with each stage using the same "dry pack" mixing method. This method is used to create a sloped mortar bed to drain weep holes.
To start, put on respiratory protection and pour the Sand Mix into a mortar pan or a 5-gallon bucket. Add about a quarter of the recommended water to the mix and begin mixing. The consistency of the mix is crucial. It should be similar to sandcastle sand—not too wet, not too dry. To check, form a "snowball" with the mix in your hands. If you can toss it a few inches in the air without it breaking apart, the consistency is correct. If it crumbles, add a little more water and remix. If the mix is too wet, add more of the dry mix. Keep track of your mixing ratios for the next batch.
The first layer of the shower pan goes underneath the waterproofing membrane. This layer establishes a drainage path for water in case the top layers of the shower pan are compromised. Cut a sheet of building paper or roofing felt to fit the bottom of the shower base to act as a cleavage membrane.
With the waterproofing membrane in place, put down the final layer of Sand Mix. The depth of this layer will depend on the height of the adjustable drain but must be at least 0.5 inches.
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Waterproofing membranes
There are two main types of waterproofing membranes: sheet membranes and liquid membranes. Sheet membranes, such as Kerdi, Laticrete, and Hydroban, are more flexible, robust, and easier to install. They are also immediately ready for tiling and are approved for steam showers. Liquid membranes, such as Redgard and Hydroban, require multiple coats and take a long time to dry. They also need to be applied at a certain thickness, so a gauge is necessary.
When installing a waterproofing membrane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions. The process typically involves cutting the membrane to size, allowing for overlap, and then applying mortar to the substrate surface using a V-notched trowel. The membrane is then pressed into the mortar, and the seams and corners are sealed using a sealant or thinset mortar. It is also important to seal any piping or valves with a membrane pipe seal.
The Trugard Vapor-Shield waterproofing membrane is a popular option that has been used for over 20 years in Europe and the United States. It is made of bonded polyethylene and stays waterproof for up to 500 years. The installation process involves cleaning the substrate and other surfaces, cutting the membrane to size, applying mortar, pressing the membrane into place, sealing the seams and corners, and sealing any piping or valves.
In addition to the waterproofing membrane, it is important to ensure that the shower pan is properly sloped to allow water to drain effectively. This can be achieved by creating a sloped mortar bed or using a "dry pack" method.
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Ready-made shower pans
First, you need to prepare the floor. Cut a hole in the subfloor for the shower drain pipe using a jigsaw or circular saw. The size of the hole should not exceed 5 inches, but always refer to the manufacturer's specifications. Relocate the P-trap for the shower drain and pipe so that the waste pipe extends approximately 1 3/4 inches above the subfloor. Ensure that the entire bottom of the shower pan sits on a flat, level surface. Check the subfloor area from left to right and from front to back to ensure it is level. If the subfloor is not level, apply a self-leveling compound, adhering to the manufacturer's instructions.
Next, dry-fit the shower pan in the opening. Draw a reference line on the subfloor along the edge of the shower pan. Drill 3/16-inch holes in the flange at each stud location and check if the shower drain hole lines up with the existing shower drain. Run the self-leveling compound up to the reference line and allow it to cure per the manufacturer's instructions.
Now, you can install the shower drain flange, also known as the "drain basket" or "drain body." Test-fit the flange to ensure it fits flush with the shower base. Line the underside of the rim with latex/acrylic or silicone caulk, following the manufacturer's instructions. Place the flange through the top side of the shower pan and press down firmly without twisting so that any excess caulk squeezes out.
Finally, test the drain's functionality before proceeding with further installations. Ensure the drain is appropriately positioned and tightly sealed to prevent leaks. Refer to the manufacturer's guidelines for drain installation and make sure to choose a shower pan with the correct drain position for your needs (left, right, or centre drain).
By following these steps and paying attention to detail, you can ensure a safe and long-lasting installation of your ready-made shower pan.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, it is possible to install a shower pan without mortar. You can use a ready-made shower pan, which is typically made of acrylic, fiberglass, or composites. However, some shower pans may require a mortar bed for additional support.
Ready-made shower pans are easier to install than traditional mortar bed shower pans. They also come in various sizes and styles, making it easier to find one that fits your bathroom.
The process involves creating a sloped mortar bed to drain weep holes, waterproofing the sloped floor, and floating it over a waterproofing membrane. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions and ensure the subfloor is level before installing the shower pan.
