Marianne Martinez
Panaeolus cinctulus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, is a widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. It is also known as Panaeolus subbalteatus, or subbs. P. cinctulus is mildly psychoactive and was referred to as the weed Panaeolus during the early 1900s due to its common occurrence in beds of commercially grown mushrooms. When damaged, P. cinctulus mushrooms tend to bruise blue or blue-green. This coloration is often observed on the cap or stem of the mushroom.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common name | banded mottlegill, weed Panaeolus, belted panaeolus, subbs |
| Scientific name | Panaeolus cinctulus |
| Cap | 1.5–5.5 cm, hemispherical to convex when young, smooth, hygrophanous, striking cinnamon-brown when moist, soot-black when wet |
| Flesh | Cinnamon-brown to cream-colored and thin |
| Gills | Close, adnate to adnexed, cream-colored when young, later mottled dingy brown then to soot-black |
| Stem | 2.75-4.75 inches long, 0.1 inch thick, colored like the cap, covered in a fine white powder ("pruinose") |
| Smell and taste | Flour-like (farinaceous) |
| Bruising | Blue-green or greenish |
| Toxicity | Mildly psychoactive; Class A drug in the UK, Schedule I in the US |
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What You'll Learn
Panaeolus cinctulus is a type of psilocybin mushroom
Panaeolus cinctulus, commonly known as the Banded Mottlegill, is a species of psilocybin mushroom. It is also referred to as the Girdled Panaeolus, Weed Panaeolus, Poison Panaeolus, and Red Caps. This species was once believed to be poisonous and was blamed for several wild mushroom poisonings, with reports dating back to the early 1900s. However, it is now considered relatively safe to consume, although it may cause hallucinations and delirium in large quantities.
Panaeolus cinctulus is a small mushroom, typically ranging from 2 to 10 centimetres in height, with caps measuring 1.5 to 5.5 centimetres in diameter. The caps are smooth and brown when moist, and black when wet. This species is commonly found in compost piles, well-fertilized lawns, gardens, and occasionally on horse dung. It grows abundantly after rain and is widely distributed across various regions, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.
The psilocybin potency of Panaeolus cinctulus is considered weak to moderate, and it contains low levels of psilocybin and psilocin. Unlike some other psilocybin mushrooms, the flesh of Panaeolus cinctulus does not bruise blue, even when crushed. This is because the blue bruising typically observed in certain mushrooms is a result of psilocin oxidizing upon exposure to air, and Panaeolus cinctulus contains relatively low levels of psilocin.
Panaeolus cinctulus has a peculiar history and is relatively unknown in the psychedelic mushroom community. While it has hallucinogenic properties, it is not particularly potent, and a large quantity is required to experience any psychedelic effects. This mushroom has a long shelf life compared to other psilocybin mushrooms, and its psychoactivity is primarily attributed to psilocybin and its analogues rather than psilocin.
Despite its history of being blamed for poisonings, Panaeolus cinctulus is now considered a relatively safe and common psilocybin mushroom. However, it is important to note that the possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms, including Panaeolus cinctulus, may be prohibited in certain regions, and proper precautions and legal considerations should be made before handling or consuming any wild mushrooms.
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Blue bruising differentiates active or inactive Pan
Panaeolus cinctulus, commonly known as the banded mottlegill, is a widely distributed psilocybin mushroom. It is also known as the "weed Panaeolus" because it was commonly found in beds of the commercially grown, grocery-store mushroom Agaricus bisporus. P. cinctulus is mildly psychoactive, and its possession and use are prohibited in many places.
Some mushrooms, including P. cinctulus, bruise blue. Blue bruising can differentiate between active and inactive Pan. While blue bruising is a sign of active Pan, the absence of bruising is a sign that something is not right.
Bruises are caused when blood vessels break and blood pools under the skin. They typically change colour as they heal, ranging from red or purple to blue, black, or green before fading. The colour of a bruise depends on various factors, including the intensity of the injury, the location on the body, and the person's skin tone. For example, on lighter and medium skin tones, bruises may change from red to blue and then to black or green and yellow. On darker skin tones, bruises may appear as darker areas of brown or black that gradually become lighter.
It is important to note that unexplained bruises could be a sign of an underlying medical condition. While most bruises do not require treatment, more severe bruises might need medical attention.
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Blue Meanies Mushrooms are a type of Panaeolus cyanescens
Blue Meanies Mushrooms, or Copelandia Cyanescens, are a type of Panaeolus cyanescens. They are known for their high levels of psilocin, which gives them their distinctive blue bruising. When the mushrooms are handled or their cell walls are crushed, the psilocin is exposed to oxygen and oxidizes, resulting in the blue colour.
Panaeolus cyanescens, often referred to as "Panaeolus", is a widely distributed mushroom species found in all 50 states and most countries. It is commonly known as the "weed Panaeolus" due to its tendency to grow in beds of commercially grown grocery store mushrooms, requiring farmers to remove them from the edible mushrooms. Panaeolus has intoxicating properties, and its psilocybin potency ranges from weak to moderate.
Panaeolus cyanescens can be identified by their brownish-purple spore print, thin white/tan stems, small caps, and brown gills. They grow almost all year round, especially in the spring, and are often found in newly laid lawns and rich neighbourhoods with large lawns that receive ample water and fertilizer.
Panaeolus mushrooms have look-alikes, such as the Panaeolina foenisecci, which also grows on lawns. However, Panaeolus can be distinguished by their thinner stems, smaller caps, and brown gills. Additionally, Panaeolus cinctulus, a type of Panaeolus, is known to sometimes bruise at the base, but the bruising may be difficult to see due to the dark colour of the stipe.
While Blue Meanies Mushrooms are known for their high psilocin content, it is important to note that not all Panaeolus species contain psilocin. Some species, such as Panaeolus cinctulus, Panaeolus semilanceata, and Psilocybe sylvatica, contain psilocybin but lack psilocin, resulting in the absence of blue bruising.
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Panaeolus cyanescens is a tropical and sub-tropical species
Panaeolus cyanescens, commonly referred to as "Pan cyans" or "Blue Meanies", is a species of mushroom that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. It is a coprophilous species, meaning it grows in dung-enriched soil, particularly in warm, moist habitats with access to plenty of water. This species is often found in grassy pastures and fields fertilized with manure.
P. cyanescens is a potent psychedelic mushroom, sought after for its strong psychoactive properties. It contains significant levels of psilocybin and psilocin, which contribute to its hallucinogenic effects. The flesh of P. cyanescens stains blue when crushed due to the presence of psilocin, which oxidizes upon exposure to air. This phenomenon is not observed in all species of psychoactive mushrooms, such as Psilocybe semilanceata and Panaeolus cinctulus, which lack significant amounts of psilocin.
The ecological preference of P. cyanescens for tropical and subtropical regions is influenced by its affinity for warm temperatures and abundant moisture. This species is native to both the Neotropics and Paleotropics, demonstrating its adaptability to different tropical environments. While it primarily inhabits warmer latitudes, P. cyanescens has been found as far north as Scotland, showcasing its ability to occasionally persist outside its typical range.
P. cyanescens is a member of the Bolbitiaceae family and shares similarities with Panaeolus tropicalis. It holds cultural significance and has various common names in different regions, including "Blauender Dungerling" and "faleaitu" in Samoan. The presence of serotonin, urea, and baeocystin in this species further contributes to its unique biochemical profile.
In summary, Panaeolus cyanescens is a tropical and subtropical species that favors warm, moist environments with access to dung-enriched soil or manure. Its ecological preferences shape its distribution across the globe, primarily within tropical and subtropical latitudes. The species is distinguished by its potent psychoactive effects, making it a sought-after mushroom for those exploring altered states of consciousness. The blue bruising characteristic of P. cyanescens is a result of its psilocin content and serves as a visual distinction from other mushroom species.
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Panaeolus bispora is a type of mushroom
Panaeolus bispora, also known as Copelandia bispora, is a rare type of mushroom that is widely distributed and found in Hawaii, Southern California, North Africa, Spain, and Switzerland. This mushroom is small and brown with a cap size of 15-30mm. The cap is usually tan to gray but can sometimes fade to black when covered with spores. The margin is often torn and pedaled, and the cap can become slightly wrinkled and pitted with age. The gills are adnexed or narrowly attached and tightly packed, with gray to jet-black colors and white edges. This mushroom grows on dung and has black spores.
Panaeolus bispora is known for bruising blue, which is a result of the presence of psilocin. When the mushroom is handled or crushed, the cell walls are damaged, exposing the psilocin to oxygen and causing it to oxidize and turn blue. This is a distinctive feature of this mushroom species.
While Panaeolus bispora does contain the psychedelic compound psilocybin, it is important to note that not all species of Psilocybe mushrooms bruise bluish. Some species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, Panaeolus cinctulus, and Psilocybe sylvatica, do not bruise blue at all but are still active due to the presence of psilocybin. These species may contain varying levels of psilocin and psilocybin, with some having more psilocybin and less psilocin, resulting in no blue bruising.
Panaeolus subbalteatus, another species in the Panaeolus genus, has been observed to sometimes exhibit a greenish-blue bruising, particularly in the mycelium. However, this bruising is not as common and may only be visible as a light coloration near the fuzzy hyphae attached to the base.
Overall, Panaeolus bispora is a unique mushroom species that stands out for its ability to bruise blue due to the presence of psilocin. While it shares similarities with other Panaeolus species, its microscopic features, such as its two-spored basidia, help distinguish it from other mushrooms.
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Frequently asked questions
Pan subbs are a common name for Panaeolus cinctulus, a type of psilocybin mushroom.
Pan subbs have a dark outer band on their cap, which is usually cinnamon-brown when moist and turns soot-black when wet. The gills are cream-coloured when young and later turn mottled dingy brown and then soot-black.
Yes, pan subbs almost always bruise blue in a very obvious way. No bruising is a sign that something is not right.
Pan subbs are a type of psilocybin-containing fungi, and when damaged, they bruise blue or blue-green, likely due to the presence of psilocybin.
Pan subbs are mildly psychoactive and are listed as Class A drugs in the United Kingdom and Schedule I drugs in the US. Therefore, their possession and consumption are prohibited. However, there are no known toxic coprophilous Panaeolus species.
