Ella Walter
Pano Logic is a system that includes Pano Zero Clients, Pano Direct Service, and Pano Controller. Pano Zero Clients are virtual desktop deployments that use the Pano Direct Protocol (PDP) and do not require any special network configurations or equipment. The Pano Direct Protocol is highly efficient and does not require a CPU on the endpoint, which eliminates costly client storage and memory. Configuring Pano Logic involves setting up the system, connecting the JTAG programmer, and programming the SPI flash through JTAG. The process includes steps such as creating an 'mcs' file, performing a boundary scan test, and programming the SPI/BPI flash.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Programming language | iMPACT |
| File type | .msc |
| File location | .../xilinx/pano_z80.msc |
| File name | pano_hello_g1.msc |
| Bitstream file type | .bit |
| Bitstream file location | .../fw/hello_world |
| RISC-V image | RISC-V firmware |
| CPU | VexRiscV |
| SPI pins | Configures bitstream at power-up |
| SPI programming | Use "Short to Program" jumper and attach SPI programmer to the connector |
| Xilinx ISE MIG tool support | 8x and 16x regular DDR |
| Network type | Local area network (LAN) |
| Network speed | 100 Mbps (Megabits per second) |
| Protocol | Pano Direct Protocol (PDP) |
| PDP performance | Higher performance user experience with better support for rich multimedia and highly interactive applications over a LAN |
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What You'll Learn
Configuring the SPI pins
The SPI pins are used to configure the bitstream at power-up. After power-up, they become user IO. To program the SPI, use the "Short to Program" jumper and attach an SPI programmer to the connector. The "Short to Program" jumper pulls the PROG_B pin of the FPGA to ground, which forces all FPGA IOs into Hi-Z.
During development, since the JTAG is already connected, it's easier to program the SPI flash through JTAG. The procedure is to use iMPACT to create an 'mcs' file that contains the bitstream in SPI programming format. Use iMPACT to program .../xilinx/pano_z80.msc into flash. Start iMPACT by selecting Tools/iMPACT from ISE's menu. Double-click "Boundary Scan" under iMPACT flows. Right-click in the Boundary Scan window and select Initialize chain. Dismiss the Auto Assign dialog box by clicking No. Click Ok on the Device Programming properties dialog.
Right-click the "SPI/BPI ?" box shown above the Xilinx chip and select "Add SPI/BPI flash". Navigate to .../xilinx/pano_hello_g1.mcs, click Open, then select "M25P80" from the drop-down box on the dialog and click OK. Right-click the "Flash" box shown above the Xilinx chip and select "program". Click OK on the Device Programming Properties dialog.
Note that while it may be possible to use Windows for development, it is not recommended.
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Programming the SPI flash
To program the SPI flash, you can use the "Short to Program" jumper. Attach an SPI programmer to the connector, which pulls the PROG_B pin of the FPGA to ground, forcing all FPGA IOs into Hi-Z. It is also possible to program the SPI flash through JTAG. The procedure is as follows:
Use iMPACT to program .../xilinx/pano_z80.msc into flash. Start iMPACT (e.g. by Selecting Tools/iMPACT from ISE's menu). Double click "Boundary Scan" under iMPACT flows. Right-click in the Boundary Scan window and select Initialize chain. Dismiss the Auto Assign dialog box by clicking No. Click Ok on the Device Programming properties dialog. Right-click the "SPI/BPI ?" box above the Xilinx chip and select "Add SPI/BPI flash". Navigate to .../xilinx/pano_hello_g1.mcs and click Open. Select "M25P80" from the drop-down box and click OK. Right-click the "Flash" box and select "program". Click OK on the Device Programming Properties dialog.
It is also possible to flash Pano Logic thin clients without a programmer. After running the Generate Programming File process, a .bin file should be created in the same subdirectory as the .bit file. Pano Logic published help videos on YouTube, including one that describes the FPGA image update process.
To flash the SPI flash, run "Make prog_fpga" from .../fw/hello_world. This will build and program just the RISC-V image.
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Using the Xilinx ISE MIG tool
The Xilinx ISE MIG tool is a memory interface generator that is used to generate memory controllers and interfaces for AMD FPGAs. The tool generates unencrypted Verilog or VHDL design files, UCF constraints, simulation files, and implementation script files to simplify the design process. It supports various memory interfaces, including DDR3 SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, QDRII SRAM, and DDRII SRAM.
To use the Xilinx ISE MIG tool, you can follow these steps:
- Refer to the IP Release Notes Guide for installation instructions, general CORE Generator known issues, and design tool requirements.
- Consult the MIG User Guide or other relevant guides for a list of supported memory interfaces and frequencies for your specific FPGA, such as Spartan-3 Generation, Virtex-4, Virtex-5, or Spartan-6 FPGA.
- Familiarize yourself with the known issues and release notes for the specific version of the Xilinx ISE MIG tool you are using. For example, MIG v3.6 has specific known issues for ISE Design Suite 12.3, as mentioned in the AR# 37173 release notes.
- Utilize the Memory Interface Generator (MIG) Solution Center to address any questions or issues you may encounter while using the MIG tool.
It is important to note that the Xilinx ISE MIG tool has limitations, such as only supporting 8x and 16x regular DDR and not 32x LPDDR. This may require the use of a custom DDR controller for certain applications.
Overall, the Xilinx ISE MIG tool is a powerful resource for generating memory interfaces and controllers, offering a simplified design process for AMD FPGAs.
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Setting up Pano Zero Clients
Pano Zero Clients are designed for virtual desktop deployment across standard local area networks. They do not require any special network configurations or equipment to set up—only a switched 100 Mbps (Megabits per second) or better Ethernet connection is needed. This means that your existing LAN should be suitable for deploying Panos, including supported wireless Ethernet bridges.
Pano Zero Clients use the Pano Direct Protocol (PDP), which is specifically designed to connect virtual desktops to zero clients. PDP is used for all communications between Pano Zero Clients, the Pano Controller, and the Pano Direct Service installed in your desktop virtual machines. This protocol is highly efficient on the servers running the desktop virtual machines, and it does not require a CPU on the endpoint, which eliminates costly client storage, memory, and operating systems.
To set up Pano Zero Clients, you will need to ensure that your network meets the requirements outlined above. You will also need to install the Pano Direct Service on your desktop virtual machines and configure the Pano Controller to communicate with the clients using PDP.
- Install the Pano Direct Service on your desktop virtual machines: This software is required for the Pano Zero Clients to communicate with your virtual desktops.
- Configure the network: Ensure that your network meets the requirements of a switched 100 Mbps or better Ethernet connection. If you are using wireless Ethernet bridges, verify that they are supported.
- Set up the Pano Controller: Configure the Pano Controller to use the Pano Direct Protocol (PDP) for communication with the Pano Zero Clients. This includes setting up the necessary UDP and TCP ports for communication with network services and virtualization platform components.
- Connect the Pano Zero Clients: Physically connect the Pano Zero Clients to your network using Ethernet cables.
- Test the configuration: Once the clients are connected, test the setup by attempting to access the virtual desktops through the Pano Zero Clients. Ensure that the PDP is functioning correctly and that communication between the clients, controller, and virtual machines is seamless.
- Optimize performance: Fine-tune the configuration to optimize performance, especially if you are working with multimedia or highly interactive applications. While PDP offers better performance over a LAN, you may need to use the Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) if you are working over network links such as WANs or the Internet.
By following these steps, you should be able to successfully set up and configure Pano Zero Clients for your virtual desktop deployment.
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Using the Pano Desktop Protocol
Pano Logic was a manufacturer of devices that present virtual desktops to the end-user with no local processing power. Pano Manager is the central management component of the architecture. It discovers and controls Pano devices, manages the VMware virtual infrastructure, and monitors the status of user sessions. It also provides a management layer that connects underlying optional management tools. Pano Direct Service, or Pano DAS, is a lightweight Windows service that resides in each desktop virtual machine operating system instance.
Pano Zero Clients, Pano Direct Service, and Pano Controller use standard UDP and TCP ports for the Pano Direct Protocol (PDP). PDP is used for all communications between Pano Zero Clients, Pano Controller, and the Pano Direct Service installed in desktop virtual machines. Unlike remote display protocols, PDP doesn't require any costly or complex protocol extensions to support virtual desktops. It is also highly efficient on the servers running the desktop virtual machines.
Pano Remote, released in April 2009, provides a way for Pano virtual desktop users to access their virtual desktop from any location, requiring only a Windows XP or Vista computer with an available USB port. Pano Remote uses the Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) instead of PDP because it needs to work on networks with much higher latencies. While PDP offers a higher-performance user experience with better support for rich multimedia and highly interactive applications over a LAN, RDP is better able to deal with the limitations of network links such as WANs and the Internet.
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Frequently asked questions
Pano Logic was a manufacturer of devices that present virtual desktops to the end user with no local processing power. They describe this concept as "zero client". Pano Logic quietly shut down operations in 2012.
The Pano Zero Client is a small device that supports the Pano System and delivers computing to the end user. The device provides I/O connections to USB peripherals, including keyboards and mice, along with a DVI connection for displays.
Pano Manager is the central management component of the architecture. It discovers and controls Pano devices, manages the VMware virtual infrastructure, connects assigned users to their virtual desktops, and monitors the status of user sessions, taking corrective action when necessary.
The SPI pins are used to configure the bitstream at power-up. To program the SPI, use the "Short to Program" jumper and attach an SPI programmer to the connector.
