A navigation bar, or navbar, is a powerful and responsive navigation header that can be used to organise and present information on a website. This information can include branding, navigation, and other features such as dropdown menus and search bars. To create a navbar, you can use HTML and CSS, along with frameworks such as Bootstrap and Materialize CSS. In this topic, we will explore how to create and customise a navbar, including how to add images, forms, and extended components, and how to control the responsiveness and alignment of the navbar.
| Characteristics | Values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navbar wrapper | .<code: 8>navbar</code: 8> with <co: 8,10>.navbar-expand{-sm | -md | -lg | -xl} |
| Navbar responsiveness | Responsive by default, but can be modified | |||
| Printing | Hidden by default, add .d-print to print | |||
| Accessibility | Use <code: 9,17,18,19>nav</code: 9,17,18,19> <co: 9>element or add role="navigation" to identify for assistive technologies | |||
| Sub-components | .navbar-brand, .navbar-nav, .navbar-toggler | |||
| Navbar collapsing | Use .navbar-toggler, .navbar-collapse, and navbar-expand classes | |||
| Navbar alignment | Left-aligned by default, use .navbar-brand to align to the right | |||
| Adding images | Use custom styles or utilities to properly size | |||
| Form elements | Add .navbar-form class to a form element and input(s) | |||
| Search form | Add input field with type="search" and required attribute | |||
| Alignment | Use left or right class in <code: 17,19>ul</code: 17,19> <co: 17>to align navigation links | |||
| Extended components | Add class nav-extended to outer nav tag to vary navbar height | |||
| Dropdown menu | Add ul dropdown structure and element to trigger the menu |
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What You'll Learn
Using a wrapping .navbar
When creating a navigation bar, you can use a wrapping .navbar to achieve a responsive collapsing effect and control the colour scheme.
To do this, you will need to use the .navbar-expand{-sm|-md|-lg|-xl|-xxl} class. This class allows the navigation bar to be responsive and collapse when necessary. The different options within the class's curly brackets allow you to specify at which breakpoint the navbar should collapse. For example, using .navbar-expand-lg will keep the navbar expanded until the large (lg) breakpoint, at which point it will collapse.
Additionally, you can use the .bg-* utilities to customise the background colour of the navbar. For instance, you can use .navbar-light for light backgrounds and .navbar-dark for dark backgrounds.
Html
In this code, the .navbar is wrapped around the
You can also wrap the .navbar within a .container to centre it on the page, as shown in the following example:
Html
In this case, the
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Adding a search bar
To add a search bar to a navigation bar, or navbar, in HTML, you can follow these steps:
- Set up an HTML document with a title for creating a search bar, including a viewport meta tag for responsiveness.
- Create a navigation bar ("navlist") with links to different pages on your website, such as "Home," "About Us," "Contact Us," etc.
- Embed a search bar within a "div" element, aligning it to the right of the navbar. This "div" element should contain an “input” field for the search function and a "button" element with an associated search icon.
- Style the search bar using CSS to ensure it visually fits the design of your website. You can adjust the padding, margins, font size, and other properties to match your desired look.
- You can also use CSS to style the "active" element to highlight the current page. This provides a visual indication of the user's location within the website.
- To ensure the search bar is responsive, use media queries to adjust its layout when the screen size changes. For example, you can stack the links and the search field vertically on smaller screens.
Html
This code creates a navigation bar ("navlist") with links ("Home," "About Us," "Contact Us") and embeds a search bar within a "div" element, aligning it to the right. The "input" field within the "div" class="search" element allows users to enter their search query, and the "button" with the search icon ("fa fa-search") triggers the search action.
You can then use CSS to style the search bar and ensure it visually fits your website's design.
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Adding a logo
Firstly, you need to create a container element, such as a `div` tag, to hold your logo image. You can then use the `img` tag to insert your logo image into the container. The src attribute specifies the source or URL of your logo image file. You can also set the width and height of your image using attributes in the `` tag.
Html
To centre the logo within the navigation bar, you can use CSS properties such as `display: flex` and `justify-content: center` for horizontal centering, as shown in the example below:
Css
#navbar {
Display: flex;
Justify-content: center;
Align-items: center;
Width: 100vw;
Height: 40px;
Background-color: rgb(61, 59, 59);
}
#navbar img {
Width: 40px;
Height: 40px;
}
You can also use CSS to style the navigation bar, such as setting the background colour, font size, and link colours.
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Using .navbar-toggler
To create a collapsible navigation bar, use a button with the class "navbar-toggler". This class is used in conjunction with other classes and attributes to control the collapsing and expanding behaviour of the navigation bar.
The "navbar-toggler" class is typically used with the "data-toggle" and "data-target" attributes. The "data-toggle" attribute is set to "collapse", indicating that the navigation bar should be collapsible. The "data-target" attribute specifies the ID of the target element that will be collapsed or expanded.
For example, the HTML code for a button with the "navbar-toggler" class might look like this:
Html
In this example, the "data-target" attribute is set to "#navbarText", which means that the collapsing and expanding behaviour will be applied to an element with the ID "navbarText". The "aria-controls" attribute is also set to "navbarText", establishing a relationship between the button and the controlled element.
To complete the implementation, the navbar content (links, etc.) should be wrapped inside a "div" element with the class "collapse navbar-collapse", followed by an ID that matches the "data-target" value of the button:
Html
By using the "navbar-toggler" class in combination with other attributes and classes, you can create a responsive and accessible navigation bar that collapses and expands dynamically based on user interaction.
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Adding form elements
To add form elements to a navigation bar in HTML, you can follow these steps and considerations:
Firstly, the HTML
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