Tiffany Haney
Panning and scrolling are techniques that allow users to navigate within a single view and interact with visual elements. Panning, specifically, enables users to move visuals horizontally or zoom in and out. This is often used with maps, where the user can pan and zoom to explore different areas. Panning and scrolling can be achieved through various input methods, including mouse wheels, touchpads, keyboards, and styluses, each offering distinct advantages and considerations for user experience. Understanding these techniques is essential for designing intuitive and accessible interfaces, particularly when dealing with large or complex visual information that may not fit within a single viewport.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Panning and scrolling | Lets users navigate within a single view to display content that does not fit within the viewport |
| Panning indicators | Are purely informative and not exposed to input devices |
| Panning indicators | Are similar to the scroll box in a scroll bar and indicate the proportion of displayed content to the total pannable area |
| Panning indicators | Are only visible when the touch contact is within the pannable region |
| Scroll bars | Are only visible when the mouse cursor, pen/stylus cursor, or keyboard focus is within the scrollable region |
| Panning with touch | Is like scrolling with a mouse |
| Panning with touch | Uses a swipe or slide gesture with one or more fingers |
| Panning with touch | Introduces inertia behaviour when the touch contact is lifted |
| Panning with mouse | Click the scroll arrows, drag the scroll box, or click within the scroll bar |
| Panning with mouse | Use the wheel button to emulate dragging the scroll box |
| Panning with keyboard | Use the arrow keys to emulate dragging the scroll bar or the page keys to emulate clicking within the scroll bar |
| Zooming and panning | Use the mouse wheel to scroll and F2 and F3 shortcut keys to zoom in and out |
| Standard Pan/Scroll function | Freezes the cursor in place while scrolling |
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What You'll Learn
Panning indicators and scroll bars
Displaying Panning Indicators and Scroll Bars
One-Axis vs. Two-Axis Panning
The type of panning used depends on the nature of the content. One-axis panning is suitable for content regions that extend beyond one viewport boundary, either vertically or horizontally. Vertical panning is used for a one-dimensional list of items, while horizontal panning is used for a grid of items. On the other hand, two-axis panning is employed when the content region extends beyond both viewport boundaries (vertical and horizontal).
Input Devices and Panning Interactions
Different input devices, such as a mouse, touchpad, keyboard, stylus, or touch input, offer distinct panning interactions. Panning indicators are typically used with touch input, while scroll bars are used with other input devices. When using a mouse, users can click the scroll arrows, drag the scroll box, or click within the scroll bar. The mouse wheel can also be used to emulate dragging the scroll box. Touch input, on the other hand, involves sliding or swiping gestures with one or more fingers, similar to scrolling with the mouse wheel.
Considerations for Embedded Pannable Regions
It is important not to use embedded pannable regions to display text or item lists. Panning indicators and scroll bars in these regions may not be intuitive or easily discoverable by users. Additionally, chaining or nesting pannable regions that pan in the same direction should be avoided, as it can lead to unintentional panning of the parent area when the child area's boundary is reached.
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Zooming and panning
Understanding the Basics:
Zooming allows you to magnify or reduce the view of a digital image, document, or webpage. Panning, on the other hand, involves moving the viewing area horizontally or vertically without changing the magnification. Together, they provide a dynamic way to explore digital content.
Keyboard and Mouse Controls:
When using a desktop computer or laptop, the mouse and keyboard are your primary tools for zooming and panning. The mouse scroll wheel is commonly used for zooming in and out, while holding specific keys like F2, F3, Ctrl or Cmd and moving the mouse can also perform this function. Panning is often achieved by clicking and dragging the mouse to shift the viewing area.
Touchscreen Gestures:
On touchscreen devices like smartphones and tablets, zooming and panning are typically accomplished through intuitive gestures. For instance, pinching your fingers together on the screen to zoom out and spreading them apart to zoom in. Panning can be done by simply swiping the screen in the desired direction.
Software and Application Features:
Various software applications and web platforms offer built-in zooming and panning functionalities. For example, image editing software might have specific tools for zooming and panning to navigate large images or canvases. Web browsers often provide options to zoom in and out of web pages, and some websites even include custom panning features for interactive content.
Advanced Techniques:
In certain contexts, like video editing or graphic design, advanced zooming and panning techniques come into play. The "Ken Burns Effect," named after the documentary filmmaker, is a well-known technique that involves slow zooming and panning across still images to create a sense of motion and visual engagement. This effect is commonly used in film and video production, as well as in screensavers and slideshows.
Tips for Effective Zooming and Panning:
- Familiarise yourself with the keyboard shortcuts and mouse/touchpad gestures specific to your operating system and web browser.
- When panning, ensure that your cursor is in the desired position before initiating the movement to avoid accidental clicks or unintended actions.
- If using a touchscreen device, practice the pinch-to-zoom gesture to achieve precise zooming levels smoothly.
- For tasks requiring frequent zooming and panning, consider investing in a precision input device like a graphics tablet, which often provides additional navigation options.
- Experiment with the zooming and panning features in your preferred software applications to enhance your workflow, especially when working with visual content.
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Scrolling with the mouse wheel
Some mouse wheels also support horizontal scrolling by tilting the wheel to the left or right, providing additional navigation flexibility. This feature is particularly useful for certain applications, such as image or video editing software, where horizontal scrolling is essential.
It is worth noting that the scroll wheel mechanism has a series of bumps and a spring that creates the tactile "click-y" feedback during scrolling. Over time, these bumps may become misaligned, causing erratic scrolling behaviour, such as jumping or scrolling in the opposite direction. This issue can often be resolved by blowing into the wheel to dislodge any dust or debris, or using compressed air for a more thorough cleaning.
In some cases, users may prefer to disable the mouse wheel's scrolling functionality altogether. This can be achieved by adjusting the mouse settings, such as the number of lines to scroll or disabling acceleration. Additionally, certain software applications provide customisation options for zooming and panning behaviours, allowing users to specify default settings that suit their preferences or specific tasks.
Overall, the mouse wheel is a versatile tool that not only enables efficient vertical and horizontal scrolling but also provides additional functionality through customisation options and interaction with specific software features.
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Using the keyboard to pan
Panning and scrolling allow users to navigate within a single view and display content that does not fit within the viewport. For example, you can use panning and scrolling to explore the folder structure of a computer or a library of documents.
When using a keyboard to pan, the arrow keys can be used to drag the scroll box. The page keys can also be used to click within the scroll bar.
For Windows users, the Pan/Scroll function can be set up on Xencelabs pens. This feature is available on both Windows and Mac platforms and can be activated by pressing the button on your pen or Quick Keys. You will need to use Windows driver 1.3.0-33 or macOS driver 1.3.0-43 or newer to have the Pan/Scroll in the Navigation selection.
For users of CorelDRAW, the mouse wheel can be used for scrolling only if the Scroll option for the mouse is enabled. The Zoom tool can also be used to zoom in and out, and to zoom to specific areas.
For users of Miro, the Trackpad Navigation mode allows users to scroll up and down with the mouse wheel and horizontally while holding Shift.
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Panning with touch
The touch-action CSS property controls the effect of touchscreen interactions with an element. By default, panning (scrolling) and pinching gestures are handled by the browser. However, applications can specify which gestures should be handled by the browser and supply their own behaviour for the remaining gestures.
The touch-action property can enable single-finger horizontal and vertical panning gestures. For example, "pan-x" enables horizontal panning with a single finger interaction, and "pan-y" enables vertical panning. These can be combined with other values such as "pan-left", "pan-right", "pan-up", and "pan-down" to specify the direction of the panning.
Additionally, multi-finger panning can be enabled with the "pinch-zoom" value, which allows users to zoom in and out using pinch gestures. This can be combined with any of the pan- values to enable multi-finger panning and zooming. However, it is important to note that disabling browser zooming capabilities may cause accessibility issues for users with low vision conditions.
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Frequently asked questions
Pan scrolling lets users navigate within a single view, displaying content that does not fit within the viewport. This includes folders, documents, and photo albums.
You can pan scroll on Windows using a mouse, touchpad, or active pen/stylus by clicking the scroll arrows, dragging the scroll box, or clicking within the scroll bar.
To pan scroll on a Wacom tablet, open your device’s Pen Settings, select a button, then select Navigation and finally Pan/Scroll (Legacy).
