Removing A Pan Collar: A Step-By-Step Guide

The pan collar is a rubber seal that connects the toilet's outlet (pan) to the PVC drain. Over time, the pan collar can wear out, causing leaks around the base of the toilet or between the toilet and the back wall. If you notice water or sewage seeping from the waste pipe where the toilet pan connects to the wall or floor, you will need to replace the pan collar. This involves removing the toilet pan, replacing the rubber seal, and reinstalling the pan. The process can be challenging and may require the help of a licensed plumber, especially if the toilet pan is cemented to the floor.

Identify the type of toilet trap you have

To identify the type of toilet trap you have, it's important to know the differences between the two most common types: the S-trap and the P-trap.

The S-trap is one of the oldest types of toilet traps on the market. It gets its name from its shape, which resembles a sideways "S". Water from the bowl goes straight down and then up before going down again, creating a trap at the bottom of the first bend. S-traps are typically used for ground-floor installations of floor-mounted toilets, where the pipe goes through the floor. They take up more room around the waste outlet, which is why they are commonly used for ground-level toilets.

The P-trap, on the other hand, is shaped like a "P". It is a curved pipe that holds water to create a barrier between the toilet bowl and the waste pipe, preventing sewer gases from entering the room. P-traps are more common in modern construction and renovations due to their effectiveness in preventing odours and ease of maintenance. They are also commonly used in top-floor installations and wall-mounted toilets.

To determine which type of trap you have, consider the following:

• Location: If your toilet is on the ground floor and the pipe goes through the floor, you likely have an S-trap. If your toilet is on an upper floor and the pipe exits through the wall, you likely have a P-trap.
• Shape: Look at the shape of the pipe. If it goes straight down, then up and down again, creating an "S" shape, it's an S-trap. If it goes down, curves up, and then becomes straight, creating a "P" shape, it's a P-trap.
• Installation: S-traps are typically more difficult to install and require a professional plumber. P-traps, on the other hand, can be easier to install, but it's still recommended to hire a licensed professional to ensure proper installation.
• Space: S-traps take up more space around the waste outlet, while P-traps are more compact.
• Effectiveness: P-traps are generally considered more effective and consistent in maintaining the water trap, while S-traps are more prone to drying out, which can lead to odour issues.

By considering these factors, you can identify whether you have an S-trap or a P-trap in your toilet.

Test for leaks

Once you have removed the pan collar, it is important to test for leaks to ensure that your repair work is successful and there are no ongoing issues. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to do this:

Begin by drying the area that you have been working on. Ensure that the area is free of any moisture, as this could interfere with the leak test and give you inaccurate results. Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down the area and absorb any remaining water.

The next step is to apply a leak detection solution or a leak testing fluid. You can purchase specialised leak detection sprays, or you can make your own solution by mixing soap and water. Either option will work effectively. If you are using a store-bought solution, follow the instructions on the packaging for proper application. If you are using a soap and water solution, mix a small amount of dish soap with water in a spray bottle and shake well to combine. Apply this solution generously to all sealed areas and joints where leaks may potentially occur.

After applying the solution, carefully observe the area for any signs of bubbling or foam formation. Bubbling or foaming indicates that air or water is escaping from a leak in that area. Watch for any changes over the next several minutes. If you notice bubbling, this confirms the presence of a leak.

In the event that you do identify a leak, you will need to address it promptly. Depending on the location and severity of the leak, you may need to apply a sealant or replace certain parts. It is important to consult with a professional or refer to specific guidance on repairing leaks in plumbing fixtures.

Once you have addressed any leaks, it is advisable to perform the leak test once more to ensure that your repairs have been successful and there are no remaining issues. This will give you peace of mind and ensure that your plumbing is in good working order.

Prepare tools and materials

Before attempting to remove a pan collar, it is important to prepare the necessary tools and materials. Here is a comprehensive list to ensure you are well-equipped for the task:

Tools:

• Oscillating multitool: This power tool will be useful for cutting through the locking ring, especially if there is restricted movement due to the toilet bowl design.
• Hose clamp or jubilee clip: You will need this to secure the new locking ring in place.

Materials:

• Replacement pan collar: Ensure you have the correct size and type of pan collar for your specific toilet model. It is recommended to have a rubber pan collar that fits all standard toilets and prevents leaks.
• Silicone: You will need a small amount of silicone to fill the gap when inserting the new ring.
• Epoxy sealant: In some cases, your plumber may choose to seal the pan collar with an epoxy sealant instead of replacing it.

It is also advisable to have some basic plumbing tools on hand, such as wrenches, screwdrivers, and a bucket to catch any residual water. Additionally, personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and eye protection is recommended when working with plumbing fixtures.

Once you have gathered all the necessary tools and materials, you can proceed with the removal of the pan collar. Remember to consult a professional plumber if you have any doubts or concerns during the process.

Turn off the water supply

To turn off the water supply to your house, you will need to locate the main water shut-off valve. This valve could be in a few different places, depending on the age of your home and the climate of your location. In most cases, it will be located on the main water line where it enters the home, often in a basement, cellar, or crawl space. If you live in a warmer area where freezing pipes are not a concern, the valve may also be found outdoors on an exterior wall or buried near the street.

• Locate the main water shut-off valve: Check the basement, cellar, or crawl space first. If you can't find it indoors, look near the end of your property line (or street) in a covered box within a pit underground. This is usually a cement box that may require a special "meter key" to open.
• Turn the valve clockwise: If you have a gate valve, turn it clockwise until you can't turn it any further. For a ball valve, turn the lever clockwise 90 degrees to make it perpendicular to the water pipe. Most valves can be turned by hand, but if it's difficult to turn, you may need a channel lock wrench or pipe wrench.
• Release the pressure in the pipes: Turn on the hot and cold faucets in your home, starting with a faucet located on a lower floor. This will allow any standing water to drain out of the plumbing system.
• Turn off the water supply to individual fixtures (if needed): In some cases, you may only need to shut off the water to a specific fixture, such as a sink, toilet, or appliance. Look for isolation valves near these fixtures to turn off the water supply to them individually.
• Call a plumber if you have any issues: If you encounter any problems, such as a stuck or corroded valve, it's best to contact a professional plumber for assistance.

Remove the toilet cistern

The cistern is the upper part of your toilet. It holds the water needed to flush the toilet and is usually mounted directly on the toilet bowl.

You would only replace a cistern for two reasons: style or fault. A cistern can develop problems due to a lack of maintenance or large-scale issues. If your toilet keeps running, won't flush, or is leaking, you may need to replace the cistern.

Shut off the water supply

Locate the valve and turn off the main water supply. Flush the toilet to empty the cistern. Place a bowl under the filling hose and remove the cover from the cistern.

Disconnect the water inlet pipe

Use an adjustable wrench to unscrew the water inlet pipe to disconnect it from the bottom of the cistern. Place a towel or shallow tub underneath to catch any remaining water.

Remove the old cistern

Locate the fixing screws under the cistern and unscrew the nuts to detach it from the toilet bowl. Be careful, as water may leak out. Once everything is loose, gently lift the cistern away.

Assemble the new cistern

Before connecting the new cistern, assemble the toilet flush mechanism (e.g. button or handle) and any interior parts, such as the pump. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and remember to fit sealing rings where necessary.

Connect the new cistern to the toilet pan

Fit the rubber gasket to the flush entrance of the pan. Insert the fixing bolts through the holes in the cistern, using the included rubber and metal washers. Carefully lift the cistern and position it on the pan. The bolts will fit through the holes in the pan, and the threaded section of the flushing mechanism will go through the rubber gasket. Secure the washers onto the bolts.

Measure and position the new cistern

Check that the new cistern is level using a spirit level. Mark the wall for fixing holes if needed, and drill holes in the wall, checking for any wires or pipes first.

Reattach the water inlet pipe

Use an adjustable wrench to reattach the water inlet pipe, being careful not to overtighten it.

Turn on the water supply and test

Switch the water supply back on and wait for the cistern to fill. Check for any leaks, and then flush the toilet to ensure it is functioning properly.

Note: It is recommended to wear safety gloves and clean the toilet with antibacterial wipes or cleaner before starting this process.

Frequently asked questions