Cody Casey
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It has been one of the country's main political parties since the 1980s, winning local, state, and national elections. The party has been associated with the Catholic Church and has traditionally opposed the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). PAN's political leaning can be described as right-wing, conservative, and supportive of free-enterprise and free markets. The party has also been known to oppose same-sex marriage and abortion.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Founding year | 1939 |
| Founder | Manuel Gómez Morín |
| Political leaning | Conservative |
| Religious leaning | Catholic |
| Economic leaning | Right |
| Social issues | Anti-abortion, anti-gay marriage |
| Political power | One of the main political parties in Mexico |
| Electoral victories | 2000, 2006, 1995, 1989, 2012 |
| Current seats in the Senate | 16% (20 senators) |
| Current seats in the Chamber of Deputies | 16% (79 deputies) |
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What You'll Learn
- The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico
- PAN's Doctrine of National Action was influenced by Catholic social doctrine
- The party's founder, Gómez Morín, rejected liberalism and individualism
- PAN has opposed electoral fraud and government corruption
- PAN's presidential candidate in 2000, Vicente Fox, won the election
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico
In its early years, the PAN was seen as a Catholic party, with members who were mainly urban Catholic professionals and businessmen. However, in the 1950s, the party became more ideologically secular, and it began to transform into a political power in the 1980s, winning local and state elections. This transformation was marked by a split in 1977 between the pro-Catholic faction and the more secular wing. The PAN's candidates started winning important mayoral offices in several larger cities in northern Mexico, and in 1989, it became the first party other than the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) to win a gubernatorial race in Baja California.
The PAN continued to gain momentum in the 1990s, with its presidential candidate capturing more than 25% of the vote in 1994 and the party's representation in both houses of the legislature expanding. In the 2000 Mexican general election, PAN candidate Vicente Fox was elected president, ending 71 years of rule by the PRI. Fox's victory was aided by public dissatisfaction with the PRI over the economy and corruption. The PAN retained the presidency in the 2006 election when Felipe Calderón, a longtime PAN member, won. Calderón's term was marked by moderate economic growth and a war on drugs.
However, the PAN's performance in subsequent elections has been mixed. While it still won a significant number of seats in the 2012 legislative elections, it lost the presidency that year and has since been the second-largest party in Mexico. The party's defeat in the 2012 presidential election was attributed to popular frustration with Mexico's ongoing recession, high unemployment, and gang warfare. In the 2018 presidential election, the PAN candidate, Ricardo Anaya, finished a distant second.
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PAN's Doctrine of National Action was influenced by Catholic social doctrine
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It is one of the main political parties in the country and has had success in local, state, and national elections since the 1980s. The PAN was founded to represent the interests of business and the Roman Catholic Church, which had lost its legal recognition in 1917. The party's Doctrine of National Action was strongly influenced by Catholic social doctrine, specifically the encyclicals Rerum novarum (1891) and Quadragesimo anno (1931).
Catholic social doctrine is rooted in the social teachings of the New Testament, the Church Fathers, the Old Testament, and Hebrew scriptures. It has evolved over time and has at times significantly influenced politics within nations. For example, in the late 19th century, Social Catholicism, based on Catholic social teaching, became prevalent among Italian Catholics, who organised themselves into labour unions and federations, promoting Catholic socialism as an alternative to nationalist, anti-clerical socialism. This led to the creation of the Italian People's Party and the Confederazione Italiana dei Lavoratori, a Catholic socialist confederation of trade unions.
The encyclical Rerum novarum, issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891, addressed social, economic, and political issues and gave an impulse to the development and spread of political Catholic movements. It dealt with persons, systems, and structures, and promoted justice and peace, which became integral to the church's mission. Rerum novarum was followed by several other encyclicals and messages on social issues, and social ethics was taught in schools and seminaries.
Quadragesimo anno, issued by Pope Pius XI in 1931 on the 40th anniversary of Rerum novarum, expanded on its themes. It addressed the problems of social and economic development and international relations in the post-Second World War period. It emphasised the obligation of rich countries to assist poor countries while respecting their cultures and recognised the threat of global economic imbalance to world peace.
The PAN's Doctrine of National Action reflected these teachings and rejected Marxist models of class warfare. The party's founder, Gómez Morín, was a devout Catholic who rejected liberalism and individualism. While Morín was cautious about clerical oversight of the party, its members were primarily urban Catholic professionals and businessmen. The PAN's early platform was influenced by Catholic social doctrine, promoting minimal government intervention in the economy and the interests of the Church and business.
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The party's founder, Gómez Morín, rejected liberalism and individualism
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It is one of the country's main political parties and has won local, state, and national elections since the 1980s. The party was founded by Manuel Gómez Morín, a Mexican politician and theoretician, who rejected liberalism and individualism.
Gómez Morín was not a militant Catholic, but he was a devout believer. He believed in political pragmatism, which required the adoption of policies that addressed the problems faced by Mexico at any given time. This meant that the PAN rejected a fundamental adherence to left- or right-wing politics or policies, and instead formulated national policies by carefully considering both left and right-wing ideas. This stance is similar to Gaullism.
The party's "Doctrine of National Action" was strongly influenced by Catholic social doctrine articulated in Rerum novarum (1891) and Quadragesimo anno (1931) and rejected Marxist models of class warfare. The party has always welcomed ideologues with a strongly Catholic background, as they have often been unable to find expression in other parties. The PAN's members were mainly urban Catholic professionals and businessmen, and it had close ties to the Roman Catholic Church, which had been stripped of legal recognition in 1917.
However, Gómez Morín was cautious about clerical oversight of the party, and the Church hierarchy did not want to identify with a particular political party due to the Constitution of 1917. In the 1950s, the PAN became more ideologically secular, and it updated its positions following the Second Vatican Council, showing greater affinity for the poor. However, this shift led to a split in 1977, with the pro-Catholic faction and the more secular wing separating. The more traditional Catholics criticised the party's new stance, while non-religious groups wanted the party to be less Catholic to attract more urban professionals and business groups.
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PAN has opposed electoral fraud and government corruption
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico founded in 1939. It has been associated with the Catholic Church and urban Catholic professionals and businessmen. It generally supports minimal government intervention in the economy.
In the 1980s, the PAN became outspoken in its allegations of electoral fraud against the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PAN secured its first governorship in 1989 in the state of Baja California Norte. However, amid widespread charges of vote-rigging, the PRI's President Carlos Salinas de Gortari awarded the PAN the governorship of Guanajuato. This secured the PAN's cooperation in the national legislature, and in the early 1990s, Salinas won the backing of the PAN for key economic and electoral reforms.
In the 2000 presidential election, Vicente Fox of the PAN became the first opposition candidate to win the Mexican presidency, ending the PRI's 71-year rule. Fox's victory was aided by public dissatisfaction with the PRI over the economy and corruption. The PAN retained the presidency in the 2006 election when Felipe Calderón defeated the Mexico City mayor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
However, the PAN has not always been successful in opposing electoral fraud and government corruption. For example, in the 1990s, the PAN's support of the PRI's economic reforms harmed its performance in some locales, as large numbers of Mexicans opposed the policies. Additionally, during the Peña Nieto administration (2012-2018), the PAN was instrumental in approving much of the president's reform agenda, despite the PRI's multiple corruption scandals.
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PAN's presidential candidate in 2000, Vicente Fox, won the election
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative political party in Mexico that was founded in 1939. It has been one of the country's main political parties, winning local, state, and national elections since the 1980s. In the 2000 Mexican general election, PAN's presidential candidate, Vicente Fox, won the election, marking a significant shift in the country's political landscape.
Vicente Fox, a former governor of Guanajuato, was a popular and charismatic candidate who campaigned as a right-wing populist. He received strong support from the public, particularly due to dissatisfaction with the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) over economic issues and corruption. Fox's victory ended 71 years of continuous rule by the PRI, making him the first president from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. Fox won with 43% of the vote, while the PRI candidate, Francisco Labastida, received 36%.
The 2000 election was historic not only for ending decades of single-party rule but also for the role of civic organizations and electoral observers. Over 80,000 trained electoral observers were fielded, and foreign observers were invited to ensure a fair and transparent process. This election marked a turning point in Mexican politics, demonstrating the power of public sentiment and the potential for democratic change.
Vicente Fox's presidency was marked by several notable events and policies. He continued the neoliberal economic policies of his predecessors, maintained economic growth, and reduced the poverty rate. Fox also had a strong relationship with the United States and was well-liked for his cowboy style and charisma. However, he faced criticism for certain controversies, including allegations of illegal self-enrichment and his failure to fulfill promises made to the Catholic Church.
In terms of political leaning, the PAN has been described as conservative and right-wing. It generally supports minimal government intervention in the economy and has close ties to the Roman Catholic Church. The party's Doctrine of National Action was influenced by Catholic social doctrine and rejected Marxist models of class warfare. However, over time, the PAN underwent a transformation, becoming more ideologically secular and seeking to attract urban professionals and business groups.
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Frequently asked questions
The National Action Party (PAN) is a conservative Mexican political party founded in 1939.
The PAN is a centre-right political party. It is associated with the Catholic Church and defends free enterprise and free markets. The party supports minimal government intervention in the economy.
Yes, the PAN first won a gubernatorial race in 1989 and its first presidential election in 2000, ending the PRI's 71-year rule. The PAN retained the presidency in the 2006 election but lost in 2012.
