Uncovering The Secrets Of Vintage Cast Iron: A Guide To Dating Your Pan

Identifying the date of a vintage cast iron pan can be a challenging task, but one that can be rewarding for collectors and enthusiasts alike. The process often involves a combination of examining various features, including logos, markings, shapes, and sizes, as well as consulting reference materials and guides. Here's an overview of the key steps and considerations to help you determine the age of your vintage cast iron pan:

- Examine the logo and markings: The logo and markings on the pan can provide valuable clues about its age. Look for the manufacturer's logo, which may have changed over the years, and compare it to known examples from different time periods. Pay attention to the size and design of the logo, as well as any accompanying text or numbers.

- Inspect the handle: The design of the handle can also offer insights into the pan's age. Look for features such as the shape of the handle's hole, the contours of the top and bottom, and the presence of any raised or incised numbers or markings.

- Check the pour spouts and helper handle: The design of the pour spouts and the presence of a helper handle or tab can be indicative of certain time periods or manufacturers.

- Study the heat ring: The presence and design of a heat ring around the edge of the pan's bottom can be a helpful indicator. Some pans may have a single heat ring, while others may have multiple notches or a gate mark, which is a slash-like mark indicative of older casting methods.

- Measurements and shapes: The size and shape of the pan can also provide clues about its age. Vintage pans were often measured by the diameter of the top rim, and certain shapes may be associated with specific time periods.

- Material and weight: Cast iron pans are typically made of cast iron, which can be confirmed with a magnet test. The weight of the pan can also be indicative of its age, with older pans tending to be lighter due to differences in casting techniques.

- Condition and wear: The condition of the pan, including any signs of use, wear, or restoration, can provide insights into its age. Look for cracks, chipping, pitting, or heat damage, as these can affect the value and usability of the pan.

- Reference materials: Utilize reference books, guides, and online resources specifically dedicated to identifying vintage cast iron cookware. These sources can provide detailed information on different manufacturers, trademarks, and unique characteristics associated with specific time periods.

- Online communities and forums: Engage with online communities and forums dedicated to cast iron cookware enthusiasts and collectors. These platforms often provide a wealth of knowledge and expertise, with members willing to help identify and appraise vintage pieces.

Check the logo and markings

The logo and markings on a vintage cast-iron pan can be a good indicator of its age and origin. The makers of vintage cast iron skillets were meticulous craftsmen, and each brand had a distinct signature design. However, the markings on vintage cast iron pans can vary from a company's name to cryptic letters and numbers, or even mysterious notches. For example, a Wagner skillet might not have the Wagner label if it was made to be sold in a specific store and would instead rely on its signature characteristics for brand identification.

When trying to identify the date and maker of a vintage cast-iron pan, it is recommended to look at the handle first. Look at the shape of the handle's hole, the contours of the top and bottom, and check for any raised or incised numbers or general markings. The typeface used could be indicative of a particular brand or at least point you in the right direction. Additionally, the helper handle or tab design, the position and design of the heat ring, and the pour spouts can also help determine the maker.

If your vintage pan has a brand label, you can compare its logo design and font to other pans of the same brand to estimate its manufacturing date. For instance, Lodge's iconic egg logo was created in 1973, so any pan with just the name "Lodge" carved into it is guaranteed to be over 45 years old. Another way to determine if a pan is early or pre-20th century is to look for a gate mark on the bottom side, which looks like a slash and was a by-product of older iron casting methods.

• Griswold Manufacturing Co.: Initially used "ERIE" as their logo from 1880 to 1907, then transitioned to the now-famous cross in a circle containing the word "GRISWOLD." They also used italicized numerals on the bottom of their pans and lids, with the size number at the 12 o'clock position and a four-digit pattern number at the 6 o'clock position.
• Vollrath Manufacturing Co.: Their logo and markings are positioned to the side, with the handle facing the three o'clock position. The handles are recessed with a distinct reinforced ridge down the centre, making them easily recognisable.
• Wagner Manufacturing Co.: Their skillets may have the size number incised on the top of the handle, with a descriptive size at the 6 o'clock position. The "Made in USA" marking was added in the mid-1960s, usually found below the description.
• Wapak Hollow Ware Co.: Known for their Indian head logo, which was likely a nod to the rich Native American history of the area. Their pans were produced between 1903 and 1926 and are highly collectible.

In addition to brand-specific markings, other common markings on vintage cast-iron pans include size numbers, pattern letters, molder's marks, and dimensional descriptions. Size numbers are normally found on the top of the handle or the bottom of the pan but do not directly correlate to the diameter of the pan. Pattern letters are used to identify which individual pattern was used among several to make a particular pan. Molder's marks are small raised numbers, letters, or groups of letters added to the mold during casting, helping to identify the molder and tally the number of pieces made per shift. Finally, dimensional descriptions, such as "10 5/8 IN." or "6-1/2 Inch Skillet," started to appear on pieces around the 1950s, either in addition to or instead of traditional size numbers.

Examine the handle

When examining the handle of a cast-iron pan to identify its date, there are several key features to look out for. Firstly, the shape of the handle is important. Handles from the 1800s will often feature a single-piece handle with 2-3 notches and a T-shaped rivet, while those from the 1900s may have galvanized iron finishes and a 'Made in USA' label. Handles with a grooved or hammered iron finish are indicative of older pans.

Secondly, the presence of any markings or logos on the handle can provide valuable information. Look for any raised or incised numbers, letters, or symbols, which may indicate the manufacturer or provide information about the pan's size or pattern. Some pans may also have a maker's mark, which is a unique figure or set of cryptic letters and numbers that identify the craftsman who made the pan. These markings can be compared to reference books or online resources to help determine the age of the pan.

Additionally, the weight of the handle can be indicative of the pan's age. Older pans tend to be thicker and heavier, so a heavier handle may suggest an older date. Finally, examining the handle for signs of aging, such as rust or warping, can also provide clues about the pan's age.

Inspect the weight and surface

Inspecting the weight and surface of a cast-iron pan can provide valuable insights into its age and authenticity. Here are some detailed instructions on how to examine these aspects effectively:

Weight Inspection:

• Pick up the pan and pay attention to its weight. Cast iron cookware is typically heavy, with weights ranging from 4 to 12 pounds. The standard 12-inch cast-iron skillet usually weighs around 8 pounds, and the weight scales up or down depending on the skillet's size.
• Be cautious of pans that feel unusually light for their size, as they may not be authentic cast iron.
• Keep in mind that the weight of the pan can also provide clues about the manufacturer. Different companies used varying weights for their pans, so comparing the weight of your pan with known weights of specific brands can help narrow down its origins.

Surface Inspection:

• Examine the surface of the pan. A raw cast-iron pan typically has a dull black or dark grey colour and feels slightly rough to the touch. If the pan has been seasoned, it will usually have a darker black colour and feel smooth.
• Look for any markings or logos on the surface, especially on the bottom. Vintage cast-iron pans often have manufacturer logos or insignia, which can help identify the maker.
• Pay attention to the size and shape of the logo. Some companies changed their logos over time, so the size and style can be indicative of the pan's age. For example, older Griswold pans have a larger logo that is about 4 inches wide, while newer ones have a smaller logo of about 2 inches.
• Inspect the handle for any numbers, letters, or symbols. These could be size or pattern markings that provide information about the pan's compatibility with specific stoves or indicate different moulds used during manufacturing.
• Check the heat ring around the edge of the pan's bottom. A heat ring is a slightly raised ring of metal that surrounds the cooking surface. Note whether it is in one piece or has notches, as this can be a distinctive feature of certain manufacturers or specific models.
• If the pan has a helper handle or tab, examine its design. The shape and style of these features can vary among different manufacturers and may provide clues about the pan's origins.
• Look for any unusual features or irregularities on the surface. This could include things like mysterious notches, cryptic letters, or numbers, which might be maker's marks or indicate a specific model or series.
• Consider the overall craftsmanship of the pan. Vintage cast-iron pans were often made by meticulous craftsmen, resulting in features like glassy smooth interiors, perfectly curved walls and pour spouts, and seamlessly moulded handles.

Look for signs of aging

Vintage cast iron pans are highly sought after by collectors, and for good reason. Not only do they have a historical and cultural heritage aspect, but they also tend to be lighter and smoother than modern cast iron pans. Here are some signs of ageing to look out for when identifying the date of a vintage cast iron pan:

Logo and Markings

The logo and markings on a vintage cast iron pan can provide valuable clues about its age. For example, the iconic egg logo of Lodge was created in 1973, so any pan with just the name "Lodge" carved into it is over 45 years old. Some other markings to look out for include cryptic letters, numbers, or mysterious notches, which could be a maker's mark.

Handle Shape

The shape of the handle is another important feature to consider when identifying the age of a vintage cast iron pan. Each company and brand will have its own unique handle design. For instance, the handles on Indian Head pans produced by the Wapak Hollow Ware Co. are known for their unique shape.

Heat Ring

The presence and design of a heat ring can also help determine the age of a vintage cast iron pan. A heat ring is a feature found on the bottom of some pans, typically consisting of a raised circle with notches.

Gate Mark

According to Robert Kellermann, a descendant of Joseph Lodge, founder of Lodge Cast Iron, a "gate mark" on the bottom of a pan indicates that it is pre-20th century. A gate mark looks like a slash and was a by-product of older iron casting methods.

Weight and Thickness

Cast iron pans made between the late 19th and early 20th centuries are often thinner and lighter than modern cast iron pans. This is due to the advancement of casting techniques and expertise during that time period.

Warping and Wobbling

Over time, cast iron pans can become warped or wobbly, especially if exposed to high heat or rapid heat fluctuations. While slight warping may not be a cause for concern, severe warping can affect the pan's stability and heat distribution.

Cracks and Chipping

Cracks and chipping are signs of ageing and frequent use at high temperatures. These defects can be hazardous as they can expand and contract with heat, potentially leading to accidents. Additionally, cracks can harbour bacteria and make it difficult to maintain proper seasoning.

Rust

While a little surface rust is normal and can be removed, deep rust or corrosion is a sign that a cast iron pan has reached the end of its life. Cooking with a heavily rusted pan can pose health risks as rust and iron particles can leach into food.

Colour

A red or pink hue on a cast iron pan indicates that it has been exposed to extreme heat, potentially from a fire. This can cause thermal shock and make the pan more brittle.

Size and Measurements

Vintage cast iron pans were often sized using a numbered system, with the most common cooking method being on a coal or wood range. However, it's important to note that the size of a pan is typically measured by the diameter of the top rim, not the bottom.

By carefully examining these signs of ageing, you can gain valuable insights into the date and origin of a vintage cast iron pan.

Research the manufacturer

Researching the manufacturer of a vintage cast-iron pan can be a challenging task, but knowing what to look for can help you identify the maker and narrow down the possible date of production. Here are some tips to help you research the manufacturer of your vintage cast-iron pan:

Examine the Logo and Markings:

Look for any logos, markings, numbers, letters, or symbols on the pan, especially on the bottom, handle, or under the handle. Each brand had its own unique design, and these markings can provide valuable clues about the manufacturer. For example, the Wagner Manufacturing Co. is known for its Wagner Ware logo, while the Wapak Hollow Ware Co. is identified by its Indian head logo.

Study the Handle and Pour Spouts:

Pay close attention to the shape and design of the handle, including the shape of the handle's hole, the contours, and any incised numbers or markings. The helper handle or tab design, if present, can also be indicative of a specific manufacturer. Additionally, examine the pour spouts, as each company had its own distinct design for these features.

Compare with Reference Materials:

Use reference books, such as the "Blue Book" (The Book of Griswold & Wagner) and the "Red Book" (The Book of Wagner & Griswold), to compare the characteristics of your pan with those of known manufacturers. These books contain extensive information and photographs that can aid in identification. Other resources include online forums, social media groups dedicated to cast-iron enthusiasts, and websites like "The Cast Iron Collector."

Consider the Shape and Design:

The overall shape and design of the pan, including the contours and curvature of the walls and pour spouts, can also provide clues about the manufacturer. Each brand had its own signature design, and comparing these design elements with known manufacturers can help narrow down the possibilities.

Analyze the Heat Ring:

The presence and design of a heat ring around the edge of the bottom of the pan can be indicative of certain manufacturers. Examine the heat ring to determine if it is in one piece or has notches, as this can be a distinguishing factor.

Assess the Weight and Measurements:

The weight and measurements of the pan can also provide clues about the manufacturer. Vintage cast-iron pans were often sized using a numbered system, and understanding this system can help identify the maker. Additionally, the weight of the pan can be a factor, as older pans tend to be lighter than modern ones.

By following these steps and combining information from various sources, you can increase your chances of successfully identifying the manufacturer of your vintage cast-iron pan. Remember that some pans may not have clear markings or may have had their markings removed over time, so a thorough examination and comparison with reference materials are crucial.

Frequently asked questions