Ella Walter
Float switches are installed on AC systems to prevent water leakage by detecting when water reaches a certain level in the AC's drain pipe or drain pan. When the water reaches a certain threshold, the switch trips and turns off the AC. There are various types of float switches, including the SOS-1 electronic float switch and the SS3 float switch, which can be installed directly into a drain pan. The installation process may vary depending on the type of float switch and the specific AC unit, but it generally involves wiring and, in some cases, plumbing. Some float switches simply need to be clipped onto the side of the drain pan, while others may require additional steps such as setting a screw or adjusting the float.
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What You'll Learn
Float switch types
There are several types of float switches available, each with its own unique features and applications. Here are some of the most common types:
- Tethered Float Switch: This type of switch has a buoyant float attached to the pump via a flexible cord or tether. As the water level rises, the float ascends, triggering the switch mechanism and activating the pump. Once the water level and float descend, the switch deactivates, turning off the pump. Tethered float switches are commonly used in larger basins or sewage pumps but may get caught or tangled in smaller spaces.
- Vertical Float Switch: This switch operates similarly to a tethered switch but uses a vertical stem or rod instead of a flexible cord. Vertical float switches are more suitable for smaller basins or confined spaces as they take up less room. However, they still rely on a mechanical float that can be compromised by punctures or debris.
- Electronic Float Switch: These switches are highly reliable as they lack moving mechanical parts. Instead, they use an internal sensor to detect water levels and activate or deactivate the pump accordingly. Electronic float switches are space-efficient and often outlive pumps due to their lack of mechanical components. They are considered the gold standard in pump switch technology.
- Diaphragm Switch: Diaphragm switches operate using water pressure to detect water levels. As water pressure increases, the diaphragm compresses, triggering the switch and activating the pump. When the pressure drops, the diaphragm re-expands, signalling for the pump to turn off. Diaphragm switches are ideal for congested basins with minimal space. However, over time, the diaphragms can become brittle and unresponsive to water pressure.
- Pump Switches: These are used to directly control a pump and are available in pump up, pump down, or SPDT (Single Pole, Double Throw) configurations. Pump switches have a wider angle of operation and are designed to carry higher amps than control switches. They can be installed with or without a piggy-back plug, which allows for convenient testing of the pump.
- Control Switches: Control switches are typically narrow-angle switches used in conjunction with tank alarms or control panels. They are sensitive to small changes in water levels and carry lower amps than pump switches. Control switches can be wired to work in either normally open or normally closed applications.
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Wiring the switch
Once the main power wires are identified, locate the wire connected to the R terminal on the control board, as this will be the main power supply to the stat. The low-voltage wires to the condenser will usually consist of only two wires and will follow the line set to the condenser.
Now, you can proceed to break the condenser wires. This ensures that you still have air, albeit not cold air, in the event of a tripped float switch. Breaking the wires also allows you to be alerted to any problems with the system.
If you are installing two float switches, you will need to wire nut one wire from each of the switches together. This will ensure that the current runs through both switches, which are normally closed, allowing the current to flow.
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Choosing a location
- Type of Float Switch: Different types of float switches are designed for specific locations. For example, a drain pan condensate switch is typically clipped onto the side of the drain pan, while a drain line condensate switch is installed in a PVC pipe in the drain line or drain outlet. Consider the type of float switch you have or plan to purchase, and choose a location that accommodates its design.
- Accessibility: Choose a location that provides easy access to the float switch for installation, maintenance, and any necessary adjustments. This is especially important if you need to adjust the float height or sensitivity, or if you need to replace the switch in the future.
- Water Detection: Place the float switch in a location where it can effectively detect the presence of water. This is usually at a point where water is likely to accumulate, such as the low point of the drain pan or a section of the drain pipe where blockages may occur.
- Number of Float Switches: Consider the number of float switches you plan to install. In some cases, installing two float switches in a single drain pan may be beneficial to provide redundancy and ensure that any water buildup is detected. However, others argue that one well-placed float switch is sufficient, especially if the secondary pan has a functional drain.
- Drainage System: Understand the layout of your drainage system, including the primary and secondary drain pans, drain lines, and outlets. This will help you choose the best location for the float switch to optimize its functionality. For example, you may want to place the float switch near the secondary drain opening to detect any blockages or issues with the primary drain.
- Local Regulations: Be aware of any local regulations or codes that may dictate the placement of float switches. In some areas, a secondary switch and dedicated drain lines may be required, even for installations with limited drain locations. Ensure that your float switch installation complies with these regulations.
When choosing the location for your float switch on a drain pan, consider the type of switch, accessibility for maintenance, effective water detection, the number of switches needed, the layout of your drainage system, and any relevant local regulations.
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Installation instructions
Float switches are installed on AC systems to prevent water leakage. They detect when the water in the drain pipe or drain pan reaches a certain level and then turn off the AC to prevent overflow and damage to your home.
To install a float switch on a drain pan, you will need to identify the correct location for the switch. This is usually on the secondary drain pan, as the primary drain can become blocked with slime, preventing the float switch from working effectively.
Once you have identified the correct location, you will need to connect the wiring. If you are installing two switches, wire nut one wire from each of the switches together so the current will run through both. If you are installing a single switch, you will need to break one condenser wire and tie the float switch into one side of the broken wire.
Finally, secure the float switch in place. Some float switches simply clip onto the side of the drain pan, while others may require a screw to be set or a float to be adjusted.
It is important to note that some installations may require additional plumbing work, and it is always recommended to consult a professional if you are unsure about any aspect of the installation process.
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Preventing water damage
The float switch detects when water reaches a certain level in the AC's drain pipe or drain pan. Once the water reaches a certain threshold, the switch trips, turning off the AC. This prevents further condensation from entering the pan and stops the system from causing water damage.
To install a float switch on a drain pan, it is important to turn off the power to the AC unit first to avoid any electrical shocks. The next step is to disconnect the wires from the AC float switch. The number of wires may vary, but the common wires to disconnect are the common and normally closed (NC) wires. Once the wires are disconnected, they can be connected to each other, bypassing the AC float switch.
While the float switch is a useful tool, it is not foolproof. For added protection, some HVAC companies install a wet switch in the drain pan. Unlike a float switch, a wet switch contains a sensor that shuts down the AC when it comes into contact with water. This helps avoid problems like water leaking over the drain pan before the float switch is triggered or clogs in the drain line.
In addition to the float switch, regular maintenance and cleaning of the air conditioner's drain line are essential to prevent water damage.
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Frequently asked questions
A float switch is a device that detects and prevents water leakage from your AC system. It is installed on the AC's drain pipe or drain pan.
If your drain pipe gets clogged, water can build up and leak out of your unit, causing damage to your home. The float switch detects when the water reaches a certain level and turns off your AC to prevent further leakage.
A drain pan condensate switch is one of the simplest types of float switches to install. Simply clip it onto the side of your drain pan. Some models may require you to set a screw or adjust the float. If you are installing two switches, wire nut one wire from each of the switches together so the current will run through both.
You can purchase float switches from hardware stores or online retailers. Prices can vary depending on the type and quality of the float switch, ranging from $20 to $90.
