Emilie Meyer
Oracle VM VirtualBox is a hosted hypervisor that allows users to run software written for one OS on another, such as Windows software on Linux or a Mac, without needing to reboot. This article will explore the steps to install PAN OS on VirtualBox, including the process of setting up a virtual lab and integrating it with GNS3, as well as configuring virtual network adaptors and powering on the VM. We will also discuss the challenges and workarounds faced by users who have attempted to install and run Palo Alto (VM) firewall successfully on VirtualBox.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Virtualization | Oracle VM VirtualBox is a hosted hypervisor, which requires an existing OS to be installed. |
| Host Operating System | The host OS is the physical computer on which VirtualBox is installed. |
| Guest Operating System | VirtualBox allows you to run software written for one OS on another, such as Windows software on Linux or Mac. |
| Portability | VirtualBox runs on a large number of 64-bit host operating systems. |
| Performance | VirtualBox includes software packages designed to improve the performance of the guest OS and add extra features ("Guest Additions"). |
| Integration | VirtualBox can be integrated with other tools like GNS3 to create a virtual lab for Palo Alto Networks firewalls. |
| VM Configuration | To configure a VM in VirtualBox, you can specify the virtual hardware presented to the guest OS, allowing installation of older operating systems. |
| Network Adaptors | When using VMWare, you can configure virtual network adaptors by using the Virtual Network Editor. |
| VM Firewall | Palo Alto (VM) Firewall can be installed and run in VirtualBox, but some users have reported issues with network functionality. |
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What You'll Learn
Install VirtualBox VM in GNS3
To install VirtualBox VM in GNS3, you must first download the GNS3 VM. You can download the GNS3 application, various versions of the GNS3 VM, and even access the source code from the GNS3 release page on GitHub. Once downloaded, you will get a .zip archive, which you must unzip or extract before importing it into VirtualBox.
Launch VirtualBox, and navigate to the File menu. Select 'Import Appliance'. In the dialog box, specify the path to the downloaded virtual machine file, then click 'Open' to proceed with the import process.
Once the GNS3 VM is imported, you must configure its parameters to ensure optimal performance for your network simulations. In the VirtualBox Manager, select the imported GNS3 VM from the list on the left. Click 'Settings' in the VirtualBox toolbar to access the virtual machine's settings. Here, you should allocate the recommended amount of RAM and CPU cores according to the optimal hardware requirements.
Now, you can add the VirtualBox VM in GNS3. Go to Preferences > VirtualBox > VirtualBox VMs > New > choose the specific VM. You need to manually add 4 interfaces (trust, untrust, dmz, and management) on the Palo Alto VM firewall. You can do this by clicking on PA-VM-6.1.0 > Edit > Network > either type 3 or click on the up arrow to increase > then click OK.
To power on the VM in GNS3, right-click on PA-VM-6.1.0 and select 'Start'. A pop-up window will ask you to allow VirtualBox in the Windows firewall. Click 'Allow access'. VirtualBox will automatically open and run the Palo Alto VM. You can then enter the default Palo Alto firewall login and password: admin/admin.
Note that VirtualBox is not a supported hypervisor, and the only successful install on VirtualBox reported involves building a 'lab in a box' type of install with a VM-Series and GNS3 running on the local host. This method requires a lot of work and has not been successful with a current PAN-OS version.
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Configure Virtual Network Adaptors
VirtualBox provides multiple network modes for virtual machines. Each VirtualBox VM can use up to eight virtual network adapters, each of which is referred to as a network interface controller (NIC). Four virtual network adapters can be configured in the VirtualBox GUI (graphical user interface). All virtual network adapters (up to 8) can be configured with the VBoxManage modifyvm command.
To configure port forwarding, you can use the graphical Port Forwarding editor, which can be found in the Network settings dialog for network adapters configured to use NAT. The host's loopback interface is accessible as IP address 10.0.2.2 (assuming the default configuration). With bridged networking, Oracle VM VirtualBox uses a device driver on your host system that filters data from your physical network adapter.
To create a new host-only adapter, it is recommended that you either restart Windows or go into the Windows Control Panel, then Device Manager -> Network Adapters and disable and then enable the VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter. Once you have set up the virtual host-only network, you can add a new adapter to a Virtual Machine so that it can communicate over that network.
On the command line, use VBoxManage modifyvm vmname --nicx hostonly. For host-only networking, as with internal networking, you may find the DHCP server useful. This is enabled by default and manages the IP addresses in the host-only network. Without the DHCP server, you would need to configure all IP addresses statically.
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Power on the VM
Once you have installed PAN OS on VirtualBox, you can power on the VM. To do this, simply follow the steps below:
- Ensure that you have downloaded and installed VirtualBox on your host machine.
- Open the VirtualBox application.
- In the VirtualBox window, locate and select the VM that you want to power on.
- With the VM selected, click on the "Start" button in the VirtualBox toolbar.
- The VM will begin the booting process and should start up as if it were a physical computer.
It is important to note that VirtualBox is not a supported hypervisor for the Palo Alto VM Firewall. While it is possible to install and run the firewall in VirtualBox, there may be limitations or issues with network functionality.
If you encounter any issues with the VM not powering on, you can try the following troubleshooting steps:
- Check the power settings on your host machine and ensure that the VM is configured to start normally from a full shutdown, rather than from a saved state.
- Verify that the Windows 10 Guest OS is activated, as this can impact the power and sleep settings.
- Reduce the resources allocated to the VM, such as the number of CPU cores or the amount of RAM, to optimize power consumption.
- Check the task manager on your host machine and the VM to ensure that there are no idle processes running that could be consuming power.
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Allow VirtualBox in Windows Firewall
To allow VirtualBox in the Windows Firewall, you must first power on the VM in GNS3 by right-clicking on PA-VM-6.1.0 and selecting 'Start'. A pop-up window will appear, prompting you to allow VirtualBox in the Windows Firewall. Click 'Allow access'.
If you are experiencing issues with VirtualBox failing to connect, it may be due to closed ports in the Windows Firewall. To resolve this, you can open specific ports, such as port 22 for SSH, by creating exceptions in the Windows Firewall settings.
- Go to the Windows Firewall settings by opening the Control Panel and searching for "Windows Firewall".
- Click on "Advanced Settings" in the left sidebar.
- Select "Inbound Rules" and then right-click to create a "New Rule".
- Choose "Port" as the rule type and select "TCP" or "UDP" as the specific type of port you want to open.
- Enter the port number you want to open, such as port 22.
- Specify whether the rule applies to all programs or a specific program.
- Select the profiles for which the rule should be enabled, such as "Domain", "Private", or "Public".
- Provide a name and description for the rule to help identify its purpose.
- Click "Finish" to save the new rule.
By following these steps, you can ensure that VirtualBox is allowed through the Windows Firewall, enabling the necessary connections for your PAN-OS installation.
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Configure Virtual Hardware
VirtualBox provides users with a lot of freedom in deciding what virtual hardware to provide to the guest. Virtual hardware can be used to communicate with the host system or with other guests. Here are some examples of how virtual hardware can be used:
- Present an ISO CD-ROM image to a guest system as if it were a physical CD-ROM.
- Provide a guest system access to the physical network through its virtual network card.
- Provide the host system, other guests, and computers on the Internet access to the guest system.
Oracle VM VirtualBox can emulate a standard PS/2 keyboard and mouse. Additionally, it can also provide virtual USB input devices to avoid having to capture mouse and keyboard. The default Oracle VM VirtualBox graphics device for Windows guests is an SVGA device, while for Linux guests, it emulates a VMware SVGA graphics device. A VGA-compatible graphics device is available for legacy guest operating systems.
Oracle VM VirtualBox emulates the most common types of USB host controllers, including xHCI, EHCI, and OHCI. While xHCI handles all USB transfer speeds, some legacy guest operating systems may not support it. In such cases, third-party drivers must be installed for xHCI support. The emulated USB controllers do not communicate directly with devices on the host but instead communicate with a virtual USB layer that enables the use of remote USB devices.
For 64-bit Windows VMs, ensure that the VM uses the Intel networking device as there is no 64-bit driver support for the AMD PCNet card. Oracle VM VirtualBox can install a guest OS automatically. However, certain parameters, such as the name of the default user, must be provided.
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Frequently asked questions
VirtualBox is not a supported hypervisor. However, it may be possible to install PAN OS on VirtualBox if the VM series appliance kernel recognizes a generic adapter as a valid eth interface.
First, ensure that your network adapters support vmxnet3. Then, import the vmdk file into VirtualBox and tweak the drive controller settings. Finally, boot the VM and log in with the default credentials.
The default credentials for PAN OS on VirtualBox are admin/admin. It is important to change the default password and management IP address for security purposes.
To change the default password, go to Device > Setup > Administrators > click admin, and type the old and new passwords. To change the management IP address, go to Device > Setup > Management > Management Interface Setting, click the edit button, type the new IP address, and click OK.
