Cody Casey
Securing a toilet pan to the floor is a simple process that can be done in a number of ways. The most common method is to use clear sanitary-grade silicone to fix the toilet pan to the floor. Another method is to use a sand and cement mix (mortar) to secure the pan. Drilling, plugging, and screwing the toilet pan to the floor is also an option, especially for wooden floors.
Characteristics and Values Table
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials | Clear sanitary-grade silicone, mortar (sand and cement mix), concrete screw fixings, bolts, brass screws |
| Tools | Pencil, box cutter, soap and water solution, sponge, drill |
| Techniques | Mark the footprint of the toilet pan, cut a hole in the floor for a key, create a mortar bed, level the pan, dress excess mortar, apply silicone to the base, screw the cistern to the wall, use a pan fixing kit |
| Considerations | Floor slope, weight applied to the pan, type of floor (concrete or wooden), stability, waterproofing, weight of the pan, coverage of the pan over the floor, use of smart pans, use of brackets, weight distribution on screws, aesthetics, electrical underfloor heating, type of screw head |
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What You'll Learn
Using clear sanitary-grade silicone
Securing a toilet pan to the floor using clear sanitary-grade silicone is a common method used by plumbers. This method is effective and has several advantages over other techniques.
To begin, place the toilet pan on the floor in the desired location. It is important to ensure that the toilet is level and stable. Small packers or wedges can be placed under the toilet to raise it slightly and achieve a level surface. The gap between the floor and the toilet pan should be minimal, ideally no more than 5-6 millimetres at the front of the pan.
Once the toilet is in the correct position, apply clear sanitary-grade silicone to the gap between the floor and the toilet pan. Go around the entire base of the toilet, ensuring that the silicone forms a strong bond. After applying the silicone, use a soap and water solution to spray over the excess silicone. This will prevent it from sticking to the floor or your fingers as you carefully wipe away the excess.
It is advisable to leave the toilet pan undisturbed for at least 24 hours before using it to ensure that the silicone has fully cured and set. This will provide a strong and secure bond, preventing the toilet from wobbling or moving.
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Securing with mortar
Securing a toilet pan to the floor using mortar is a common method that has been used for years. It involves using a sand and cement mix to create a strong and durable bond between the toilet pan and the floor. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to secure a toilet pan to the floor using mortar:
First, place the toilet pan on the floor in the desired location and use a pencil to mark out the footprint. Remove the toilet pan and cut a hole in the floor under the marked area to create a lock between the pan and the floor. This step is important to ensure that the toilet pan is securely locked in place and does not shift or move.
Next, prepare the mortar mix by following the manufacturer's instructions. A premixed 'just add water' mortar can be used for this purpose, such as Cement Australia Sand & Cement. One 20kg bag of this product should be mixed with 3.5 litres of clean water in a large bucket. It is important to note that cement-based products can cause burns to exposed skin or eyes, so it is crucial to take the necessary safety precautions, such as wearing protective gear and ensuring you have someone to help you handle the bag.
Once the mortar is prepared, place a large amount of it inside the underside of the toilet pan and create a mound on the floor where the pan will be positioned. Carefully turn the pan over and place it on top of the mortar bed, ensuring that it remains 10mm above the finished floor. Use a spirit level to check if the pan is level, and adjust if necessary.
Finally, remove any excess mortar from the sides of the pan and the floor using a trowel. Wipe the pan clean with a damp sponge or wet cloth to remove any remaining mortar or dust. It is advisable to leave the toilet pan for at least 24 hours before use, allowing the mortar to set completely and ensuring a strong and secure bond.
While securing a toilet pan with mortar is a traditional and effective method, it is worth noting that modern methods, such as using clear sanitary-grade silicone, are now more commonly used by plumbers. However, the choice of method depends on personal preference and the specific requirements of the installation.
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Using concrete screw fixings
Securing a toilet pan to a concrete floor using screw fixings is a straightforward process, but it requires careful planning and execution to ensure a secure and long-lasting installation. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to secure a toilet pan to a concrete floor using concrete screw fixings:
Prepare the Toilet Pan and Floor
Place the toilet pan in the desired location on the concrete floor. Ensure the floor is clean and free of any debris. You may need to cut a chunk of wood to fit snugly under the bottom of the bowl, providing a secure base for the screws. Mark the screw holes in the toilet pan onto the floor using a pencil or marker. Remove the toilet pan temporarily to prepare for the next step.
Drill Pilot Holes
Drilling pilot holes into the concrete floor is crucial for guiding the concrete screws accurately and preventing the concrete from cracking. Use a hammer drill with a carbide-tipped masonry bit to drill holes at the marked locations. The holes should be slightly smaller than the screws you will be using. Ensure the holes are drilled at the correct angle and depth to accommodate the screws properly.
Insert Wall Plugs
Before inserting the concrete screws, it is essential to use suitable wall plugs or anchors. These plugs are designed to fit into the drilled holes and provide a secure anchor for the screws. Choose wall plugs that match the size of the screws and follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper installation.
Secure the Toilet Pan
Place the toilet pan back into its desired position, aligning the screw holes with the drilled pilot holes. Insert the concrete screws through the toilet pan's screw holes and tighten them securely into the wall plugs. Ensure the screws are tight and firmly in place.
Finalize the Installation
Once the toilet pan is securely fastened to the floor, you can make any necessary adjustments to ensure the pan is level and stable. Check that the screws are tight and there is no wobbling or movement in the toilet pan. Clean up any debris or residue left from the installation process. Allow adequate time for the installation to set before using the toilet to ensure maximum stability.
By following these steps and using concrete screw fixings, you can securely and effectively install a toilet pan onto a concrete floor, creating a safe and durable fixture.
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Screwing into a wooden floor
Securing a toilet pan to a wooden floor typically involves screwing it in place. Here is a step-by-step guide:
First, place the toilet pan in the desired location on the wooden floor. Use a pencil to mark the position by drawing a line around the base perimeter. Remove the toilet pan. If your toilet pan came with a fixing kit, you should have the necessary screws and any other components like plastic sleeves and caps. If not, use brass screws, which are durable and rust-resistant.
Next, drill holes in the marked locations. If your toilet pan has horizontal holes, you may need plastic brackets to secure it in place. Insert the screws through the holes in the toilet pan and into the wooden floor. Make sure the screws are tight and secure. If using plastic sleeves and caps, place the sleeves over the screws before inserting them into the holes, and then cover the screw heads with the caps.
Alternatively, you can use a combination of screws and silicone. After screwing the toilet pan in place, apply a bead of clear sanitary-grade silicone around the base of the toilet pan, filling any gaps between the pan and the floor. Spray a solution of soap and water over the silicone and wipe away the excess. Leave the toilet pan for at least 24 hours before use to allow the silicone to cure completely.
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Applying silicone sealant
Preparation
Before applying the silicone sealant, it is important to prepare the toilet pan and the floor. Place the toilet pan on the floor in the desired location and use small packers or wedges to raise it slightly, creating a level surface. This step is crucial to ensure the toilet pan is stable and does not wobble.
Applying the Silicone Sealant
Once the toilet pan is level, it is time to apply the silicone sealant. Use a high-quality sanitary-grade silicone sealant for this purpose. Apply a generous bead of silicone sealant along the entire gap between the floor and the toilet pan. Ensure that you cover the whole contact area of the pan's bottom. This step is crucial to creating a strong and watertight seal.
Smoothing and Cleaning
After applying the silicone sealant, use a spatula or a similar tool to smooth out the sealant, creating a neat and even finish. Then, prepare a solution of soap and water and spray it over the silicone. Finally, use a damp sponge to wipe away any excess silicone from the floor and your fingers. This step ensures that the silicone does not stick to unwanted surfaces.
Curing Time
Once you have finished applying and smoothing the silicone sealant, it is important to allow adequate curing time for the silicone to set properly. Leave the toilet pan undisturbed for at least 24 hours before applying any weight to it. This curing time ensures that the silicone forms a strong bond with the floor and the toilet pan, creating a secure and long-lasting installation.
Maintenance and Reapplication
Silicone sealant has a maximum reasonable lifetime, and it is important to inspect the seal periodically. Over time, the silicone may deteriorate or become loose. If you notice any issues, it is crucial to reapply silicone or seek professional assistance to ensure your toilet pan remains securely attached to the floor.
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Frequently asked questions
Clear sanitary-grade silicone is the most common material used to secure a toilet pan to the floor. Some older toilet pans were secured using a sand and cement mix (mortar).
You will need silicone sealant, a pencil, small packers or wedges, a level, a soap and water solution, and a damp sponge.
First, place the toilet pan on the floor and mark the footprint with a pencil. Remove the toilet pan and place small packers or wedges under it to raise it by 2-3 millimeters. Apply silicone to the gap between the floor and the toilet pan, then spray a solution of soap and water over the silicone. Carefully wipe away the excess silicone with a damp sponge and leave the toilet pan for at least 24 hours before use.
First, place the toilet pan on the floor and mark the footprint with a pencil. Remove the toilet pan and cut a hole in the floor for a key to create a lock between the pan and the floor. Mix a stiff batch of mortar and place a large amount inside the toilet pan and on the floor. Carefully turn the pan over and place it on top of the mortar bed, then level the pan and dress the excess mortar away. Clean the floor with a damp sponge and leave the toilet pan for at least 24 hours before use.
