Non-Stick Muffin Pans: Safe Or Not?

Non-stick muffin pans are a convenient kitchen tool for home bakers, but are they safe? Non-stick coatings have been found to contain hazardous substances such as PFOA and PFAS, also known as forever chemicals due to their persistence in the environment and the human body. These chemicals have been linked to various health issues, including certain types of cancer, liver damage, infertility, and thyroid disease. While some non-stick coatings are now marketed as PFOA-free, other types of PFAS may still be present. Cast iron, stainless steel, and ceramic are safer alternatives for muffin pans, but even these materials require careful use and maintenance to prevent rust or sticking. Ceramic, in particular, should be handled with care as it can be fragile. For those who want the convenience of non-stick without the toxins, food-grade silicone muffin pans are an option, though they should also be used with care to avoid possible leaching of chemicals.

The dangers of certain non-stick coatings

Non-stick coatings have become notorious for their toxicity, and they are also bioaccumulative. These chemicals have been dubbed "forever chemicals" because they do not break down in the environment. Fluoropolymers used in non-stick coatings have been found to increase the incidence of tumours of the liver, testicles, mammary glands, and pancreas in lab animals.

The dangers of non-stick coatings containing PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are well-documented. PFAS are the chemicals used to make Teflon non-stick. They are also known as "forever chemicals" and are impossible to get rid of once they enter the environment or the human body.

Exposure to PFAS has been linked to various health issues, including certain types of cancers, liver damage, infertility, birth defects, thyroid disease, high cholesterol, and obesity. Additionally, if non-stick cookware and bakeware coated in PFAS are used on high heat, they can release toxic fumes that can cause lung damage.

PFAS have also been linked to reduced immunity, lower vaccination response, increased risk of allergies and asthma in young children, adverse effects on the growth, learning, and behaviour of infants and older children, and endocrine disruption.

Another chemical of concern in non-stick coatings is PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), which was previously used in the manufacturing of some non-stick coatings, including Teflon. PFOA has been associated with tumours and developmental problems in animals, and experts have raised concerns about its potential effects on humans. While PFOA is no longer produced in the United States, it is still manufactured in other countries, and past contaminations can pose environmental health risks.

To avoid the dangers of certain non-stick coatings, it is recommended to use alternative materials such as stainless steel, seasoned or unseasoned cast iron, non-coated ceramic, or carbon steel for muffin pans and cookware.

Aluminium health concerns

Aluminium is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, and it is present in small amounts in the air, water, and food. It is also used in cooking utensils, pharmacological agents like antacids and antiperspirants, and in the purification process of drinking water. While minimal exposure to aluminium is not harmful, over-exposure may pose threats to human health.

Health Concerns

Alzheimer's Disease

High levels of aluminium have been found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a neurological condition caused by a loss of brain cells, resulting in memory loss and reduced brain function. While the cause of Alzheimer's is unknown, it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors that can damage the brain over time. It is possible that exposure to very high levels of dietary aluminium may contribute to the development of brain diseases like Alzheimer's, but the exact role aluminium plays, if any, is yet to be determined.

Bone and Renal Health

Studies have suggested that high aluminium intake may be harmful to some patients with bone diseases or renal impairment.

Growth Rate of Human Brain Cells

Aluminium reduces the growth rate of human brain cells.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A handful of studies have suggested that dietary aluminium could be an environmental risk factor for IBD, although no studies have yet found a definitive link.

Ceramic as a safer alternative

Ceramic is a safer alternative to non-stick muffin pans. While ceramic pans are often marketed as being made of ceramic, they are actually metal pans with a finish that uses silicon to prevent sticking. The coating is made of sand and has a slick, glossy surface, which is how it came to be called ceramic.

Ceramic non-stick pans are deemed safer than traditional non-stick pans because they do not contain PTFE or PFOA. The finish on traditional non-stick pans contains PTFE, which has been linked to various health issues. However, there is no scientific evidence that PTFE is toxic. PFOA was a substance used to manufacture PTFE, and it was linked to health problems for people living in the area near the water supply. It's important to note that PFOA has been completely phased out since 2015 and is no longer used in the process of making non-stick cookware.

Another advantage of ceramic pans is that they can withstand higher heat than traditional non-stick pans. However, this may not be a significant factor, as it is generally not recommended to use either type of pan over high heat to preserve their non-stick properties.

When choosing a ceramic muffin pan, look for products that are approved by the FDA, California Proposition 65 compliant, and approved by the European Union. Reputable brands that abide by California's strict Prop. 65 heavy metal standards and test for heavy metal migration are also recommended.

While ceramic pans are a safer alternative, it's important to note that they are not perfect. Over time, food may start to stick more, and cleanup may become more difficult. Additionally, ceramic pans are less non-stick than traditional non-stick pans, so it's important to follow the manufacturer's care instructions to maintain their non-stick properties. Hand-washing is generally recommended for ceramic pans.

Some recommended ceramic muffin pans include the GreenLife Bakeware Healthy Ceramic Nonstick 12 Cup Muffin and Cupcake Baking Pan, the casaWare Ceramic Coated NonStick 12 Cup Muffin Pan, and the Lodge Seasoned Cast Iron Muffin Pan. These pans are free of toxic chemicals and provide even heat distribution for consistent baking results.

Cast iron as a non-toxic option

Cast iron is a fantastic non-toxic option for muffin pans. Cast iron is heavy-duty, affordable, and requires minimal clean-up. Cast iron pans are also incredibly durable and can last for generations. They are also known for their even heat distribution, ensuring your muffins are cooked to perfection every time.

Cast iron muffin pans are available in various sizes, from mini pans to larger pans that can bake up to 12 muffins at once. Some popular brands include Lodge, Old Mountain, and John Wright. Many of these pans come pre-seasoned, but if you buy an antique or used pan, you may need to season it yourself.

To season a cast iron muffin pan, wash it with hot, soapy water, rinse, and dry thoroughly. Then, apply a liberal coat of solid vegetable oil to the entire pan, making sure to get into every nook and cranny. Place the pan, open side up, in the oven at 300° F for about an hour. After it has cooled, pour off any remaining oil and wipe the pan with a paper towel.

Cast iron pans do require a bit of extra care. For example, they should not be washed immediately after seasoning, and acidic foods should be avoided as they can cause the iron to leach into your food. However, cast iron is a great option for those seeking a non-toxic, durable, and affordable muffin pan.

Stainless steel as a non-toxic option

Stainless steel is a popular choice for muffin pans due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, attractive appearance, and safety. It is an alloy of iron and chromium, with nickel, carbon, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur, copper, or silicon added in varying ratios. While stainless steel must contain at least 10.5% chromium, the most common type used in cookware, 18/10 stainless steel, typically contains about 8.2% nickel. This type of stainless steel is highly durable, scratch-resistant, and rust-resistant, making it a good option for those seeking a long-lasting muffin pan.

However, it is important to note that some nickel can escape from stainless steel, so individuals with nickel sensitivities should opt for Ferritic steel (18/0 stainless steel) instead. This type of stainless steel is made without nickel and contains 10.5% to 27% chromium. While it is not as strong or corrosion-resistant as 18/10 stainless steel, it is a safer option for those with nickel allergies or sensitivities.

When purchasing a stainless steel muffin pan, it is recommended to choose a high-quality option, such as the Fox Run 12-Cup Muffin Pan, to ensure durability and rust resistance. To prevent sticking, it is necessary to lightly oil the cups or use paper liners. Stainless steel muffin pans are safe, non-porous, and easy to clean, making them a convenient and healthy option for baking muffins, cupcakes, and other treats.

Frequently asked questions