Cody Casey
Installing large-format tiles in your shower can be a challenging task. Before you start, it's important to prepare the surface by removing any existing tiles and creating a sloped mud bed for proper drainage. You can then install a waterproofing membrane and cover it with a layer of cement and sand, ensuring it slopes towards the drain. Once dry, you can apply tile adhesive and carefully place your large tiles, making sure they are secure and even for a polished finish. Large tiles can add a luxurious look to your shower, but it's important to consider the weight they'll add to the floor structure and the maintenance required to keep grout lines free from mildew and cracking.
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Prepare the surface
Preparing the surface for installing large tiles on a shower pan is a crucial step in ensuring a successful and durable installation. Here is a detailed guide on how to prepare the surface for this project:
Firstly, determine the size and shape of your shower. This is an important step as it will impact the type of shower pan and tiles you can use. It is recommended to opt for pre-sloped pans designed for tile use, as they eliminate the need to calculate the proper slope for drainage. These pre-sloped pans are available in various shapes and sizes, and while they may be more expensive and harder to find, they offer more predictable results.
Now, let's move on to preparing the subfloor. After framing the shower, you will need to lay a thin layer of Portland cement and sand, also known as "mud," across the subfloor. Ensure that this mixture is just wet enough to cling together. Slope this layer towards an adjustable drain in the center or a linear drain along one of the edges. If you opt for a linear drain, you will not be limited by tile size, allowing for larger tiles and fewer grout joints.
The next step is to create a waterproof base. Start by laying down a waterproofing membrane, such as Chloroloy, over a layer of felt paper (tar paper). Ensure that this membrane covers the sloped mud bed and integrates with the flange on the adjustable drain. Extend the membrane several inches up the walls of the shower framing to create a waterproof pan. This step is crucial to prevent water damage.
After the waterproofing membrane is in place, fasten sheets of tile backer board to the wall framing. You can use products such as Wonderboard or Durock for this step. Then, apply another 2 to 3 inches of Portland cement and sand over the membrane, again sloping it towards the drain. Allow the top layer of cement to dry completely before proceeding.
Before tiling, it is important to clean the surface thoroughly to ensure that dust or debris does not interfere with the adhesion of the tiles. Once the surface is clean, you are ready to begin the tiling process.
Remember, installing large tiles on a shower pan requires careful planning and preparation. Taking the time to properly prepare the surface will result in a professional-looking and long-lasting installation.
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Waterproofing
Firstly, after the shower has been framed, create a sloped mud bed by applying a thin layer of Portland cement and sand, pitched towards an adjustable drain in the centre or a linear drain at the edge. This layer should be just wet enough to cling together. It is important to get the slope right to ensure proper water drainage. You can purchase forms from companies that help achieve the correct slope.
Next, apply a waterproofing membrane, such as Chloroloy, over a layer of felt paper (also known as "tar paper"). Ensure that the membrane covers the sloped mud bed and integrates with the flange on the adjustable drain. Extend the membrane several inches up the walls of the shower framing to create a waterproof pan.
Then, fasten sheets of tile backerboard to the wall framing. Apply another layer of Portland cement and sand over the membrane, again sloped towards the drain. Once this top layer of cement has dried, you can adhere the tiles using thinset cement.
If you are using a liquid-applied membrane for waterproofing, ensure that any mud-bed shower pan or mudfloated walls are properly cured first, typically for 72 hours. Liquid-applied membranes can be used as a standalone waterproofing system or in combination with other systems. They are less costly than other options but may not be as durable as sheet membranes.
Additionally, consider using a flexible PVC liner, which acts as a waterproof tub. Ensure that the liner covers everything underneath the shower floor and extends at least six inches up the shower wall to prevent water from wicking up into the wall framing. However, be aware that PVC liners can become brittle and prone to cracking over time due to the leaching of chemical additives.
Before tiling, it is essential to test the watertightness of your shower pan. Plug the drain, fill the shower pan, and check for any leaks or drops in the water level. Also, ensure that the slope is sufficient, and the weep holes are clear.
When tiling, use a waterproof adhesive and carefully place the tiles, ensuring a secure and even installation. Avoid using the "dot" or "back buttering" methods of applying mortar, as tile requires a minimum of 95% mortar coverage, especially for large-format tiles.
Finally, stick to the same manufacturer for the shower pan and waterproofing products if possible, as using components from different manufacturers may lead to compatibility issues.
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Tile placement
The placement of tiles on a shower pan is a delicate process that requires careful planning and execution. Here is a step-by-step guide to achieving a professional and secure installation:
Firstly, it is imperative to select the appropriate tiles for your shower pan. Large format tiles, with edges 15 inches or longer, can be used, but they may pose challenges with the slope of the pan. Smaller tiles are more commonly used for shower pans due to their ability to conform to the slope. Consider the size of your shower pan and choose tiles that can be easily arranged to follow the slope towards the drain.
Before placing the tiles, it is crucial to prepare the surface. Start by thoroughly cleaning the shower pan to ensure it is free of any debris. Then, apply a waterproofing membrane, such as Chloroloy, over a layer of felt paper or tar paper. This membrane should extend several inches up the walls of the shower framing. Next, fasten sheets of tile backerboard to the wall framing. Apply a layer of Portland cement and sand over the membrane, maintaining the slope towards the drain. Allow this layer to dry completely.
Now, it's time to place the tiles. Using thinset cement, carefully adhere the tiles to the prepared surface. Ensure that the tiles are securely and evenly placed for a polished finish. Pay attention to the layout and spacing of the tiles, following any guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is crucial to maintain consistent spacing between tiles to ensure a neat appearance.
When tiling the lip of the shower pan, apply a waterproof adhesive before placing the tiles. This will ensure a secure and watertight installation. Additionally, consider using tiles with a rougher surface to provide traction and prevent slipping.
For a custom tile shower, it is recommended to consult with professionals, such as carpenters and tilers. They will ensure that the structural frame is properly constructed and that the tile placement is precise. Custom tile showers built on-site offer a unique and tailored appearance but require more labour and expertise.
Finally, remember to waterproof all corners and gaps, especially if you're using a backer board. Liquid latex waterproofing can be painted on the walls and corners to create a protective barrier. Proper waterproofing is essential to prevent water damage and ensure the longevity of your tiled shower pan.
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Grouting
Before grouting, ensure the tiles are clean and dry. Use a putty knife or grout saw to remove any old grout, being careful not to damage the tiles. Vacuum the area to remove dust and debris. Once the surface is prepared, use painter's tape to mask off areas where you don't want grout.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing the grout to achieve the correct consistency. Generally, you want the mixture to be as dry as possible while still being workable. Mix the grout powder with 3/4 of the total amount of water required, and then add any additives. Mix thoroughly until the consistency resembles smooth peanut butter, with no clumps remaining.
Apply the grout to the tile joints using a grout float, pressing the grout into the spaces between the tiles. Remove excess grout with the float, holding it at a 45-degree angle to the tiles. Clean the tiles as you go with a damp sponge, rinsing it frequently. Allow the grout to harden, and then clean the tiles again with a damp cloth, followed by buffing with a dry cloth to remove any haze.
Let the grout dry for the recommended time, usually at least 24 hours, before applying a grout sealer to enhance water resistance. Spread the sealer with a small paintbrush or a sealer applicator, and clean off any smears within the first five minutes. Remember to regularly apply sealers to maintain the water-resistance of your grouted tiles.
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Finishing touches
Once you've installed your tiles, there are a few crucial steps to ensure a polished finish and long-lasting quality. Firstly, grouting and sealing the tiles are essential. Grout fills the spaces between tiles, giving a finished look and holding the tiles in place. It also seals the gaps, preventing water from seeping behind the tiles. After grouting, let it dry and then seal the grout lines with a grout sealer. This step is crucial, especially in showers, as it keeps your grout waterproof and prevents water damage.
Additionally, caulking and sealing joints are important. Caulk around the shower pan, corners, and any gaps to keep water from leaking into unwanted areas. It is also important to clean any leftover adhesive from the tile surface, ensuring an even and clean finish.
Finally, install any fixtures like the showerhead, handles, and accessories, ensuring they are secure and functional. These finishing touches will make your shower not only functional but also enjoyable to use. Remember to perform routine maintenance to keep your shower pan and tiles in excellent condition for years to come.
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Frequently asked questions
Large format tiles are any tiles with an edge of 15" or longer. To install these, you must ensure that your shower pan is level before you start. If your shower base is uneven, cut the tiles to fit the last row. You can also consider a linear drain, which won't limit you when it comes to tile size.
A shower pan is the floor of the shower and can be made from a variety of materials. You can buy pre-made shower pans, or you can make one yourself. To make a shower pan, you must first frame the shower, then lay down a layer of Portland cement and sand (aka "mud"), pitched towards a drain. Once this is dry, you can apply tile backer board and another layer of cement and sand, again sloped towards the drain. Finally, you can adhere your tiles.
Ensure your shower pan is level before you start. Use a tile with a rougher surface to achieve the same traction as a smaller tile. Keep your tile saw blades sharp and always measure twice.
